FAMILY V. BRUCELLACEAE 



409 



hemolj^sis. Satellitism with contaminating 

 organism. 



Chocolate blood agar colonies : 1.0 to more 

 than 2.0 mm in diameter, grayish, semi- 

 transparent, circular, flattened with a 

 sharply contoured edge. Grows more feebly 

 than does Hnemophihis influenzae. 



Litmus milk containing blood: No change. 



Indole not produced. 



Weak acidity from maltose and sucrose. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Slightly pathogenic, if at all, for labora- 

 tory animals. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Serologically heterogeneous. Some cross 

 aggutination occurs with Haemophilus 

 influenzae. There is one type-specific group 

 based on capsular substance, but no rela- 

 tionship to the 6 types of Haemophilus 

 influenzae (Alexander, loc. cit.). 



Source: Isolated from the respiratory 

 tract and heart blood of cases of swine 

 influenza. 



Habitat: With the swine influenza virus, 

 causes tj'pical swine influenza (Shope, 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 5^, 1931, 373). 



4. Haemophilus haeinolyticus Bergey 

 et al., 1923. (Bacillus X, Pritchett and 

 Stillman, Jour. Exp. Med., 29, 1919, 259; 

 also see Stillman and Bourn, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 32, 1920, 665; Bergey et al.. Manual, 

 1st ed., 1923, 269.) 



hae.mo.ly'ti.cus. Gr. noun haema blood; 

 Gr. adj. lyticus loosening, dissolving; M.L. 

 adj. haemolyticus blood-dissolving. 



Morphologically similar to Haemophilus 

 influenzae. Non-motile. Gram -negative. 



Requires both the factors V and X for 

 growth (Rivers, Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 

 S3, 1922, 149). 



Blood agar colonies: Resemble those of 

 Haemophilus influenzae, but these are 

 surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. 



Blood agar slant: Thin, filiform, trans- 

 parent growth. 



Blood broth: Turbid, showing hemolysis. 



Blood milk mixture: Slightly alkaline. 



Sterile, unheated potato favors develop- 

 ment. 



Indole produced by some strains. 



Various carbohydrates fermented by some 



strains, while other strains do not attack 

 carbohydrates. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Usually non-pathogenic; on rare occasions 

 causes subacute endocarditis. 



Habitat: Found in the upper respiratory 

 tract of man. 



5. Haemophilus gallinarum (Dela- 

 plane et al., 1934) Eliot and Lewis, 1934. 

 {Bacillus hemoglobinophilus coryzae galli- 

 narum de Blieck, Tijdsch. v. Diergeneensk., 

 58, 1931, 310; also see Vet. Jour., 88, 1932,' 

 9; Delaplane, Erwin and Stuart, R. I. 

 State Coll. Sta. Bull. 244, May, 1934; Eliot 

 and Lewis, Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 

 84, 1934, 878.) 



gal.li.na'rum. L. noun gallina a hen; 

 L. fern. pi. gen. n. gallinarum of hens. 



Common name: The fowl coryza bacillus. 



Small coccobacilli occurring singly, in 

 pairs and in short chains. At times very 

 pleomorphic with long filaments. Non-mo- 

 tile. Show bipolar staining. Gram-negative. 



Requires both the factors V and X for 

 growth (Schalm and Beach, Jour. Bact., 

 31, 1936, 161; Delaplane and Stuart, Jour! 

 Agr. Res., 63, 1941, 29). Fails to grow on 

 certain media which support the growth of 

 Haemophilus influenzae (Delaplane et al., 

 op. cit., 1934; Gregory, Am. Jour. Vet. Res., 

 5, 1944, 72). 



Requires approximately 1.0 per cent so- 

 dium chloride in media for growth. 



Blood agar colonies: 0.3 mm or less in 

 diameter, smooth, translucent, becoming 

 more opaque with age. 



Filtered chocolate agar colonies: 0.5 to 

 0.6 mm in diameter, convex, smooth, trans- 

 lucent to slightly opaque, glistening. 



Indole not produced. 



Glucose fermented; final pH, 6.4. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic; CO2 

 favors growth. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. Killed in 

 4 to 6 minutes at 55° C. 



Pathogenic for fowls. 



Source: Isolated from the nasal exudates 

 of fowls. 



Habitat: Causes Type I fowl coryza 



