410 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



characterized by rapid onset and short 

 duration; in association with coccobacilli- 

 forra bodies of Nelson, causes Type III 

 fowl corj^za characterized by rapid onset 

 and long duration (Nelson, Jour. Exp. Med., 

 67, 1938, 847). 



6. Haemophilus parainfluenzae Riv- 

 ers, 1922. (Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 32, 

 1922, 429.) 



pa.ra.in.flu.en'zae. Gr. prep, para along- 

 side of, resembling; M.L. noun influenzae 

 a specific epithet; M.L. adj. parainfluenzae 

 (Haemophilus) influenzae-like. 



Morphologically similar to Haemophilus 

 influenzae. Non-motile. Gram-negative. 



Requires the V factor for growth. 



Blood agar colonies: Resemble those of 

 Haemophilus influenzae. No hemolysis. 



Blood agar slant: Thin, filiform trans- 

 plant. 



Broth containing yeast extract: Floccular 

 sediment. 



Indole produced by some strains from the 

 cat. 



Various carbohydrates fermented by some 

 strains, while other strains do not attack 

 carbohydrates. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Usually non-pathogenic; occasionally 

 causes subacute endocarditis. 



Habitat: Found in the upper respiratory 

 tract of man and cat. 



7. Haemophilus parahaemolyticus 



Pittman, 1953. (Haemolytic influenza ba- 

 cillus, Fildes, Brit. Jour. Exp. Path., 5, 

 1924, 69; Hemophilus parainfluenzae, hemo- 

 lytic, Valentine and Rivers, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 45, 1927, 993; Pittman, Jour. Bact., 

 65, 1953, 750.) 



pa.ra.hae.mo.ly'ti.cus. Gr. prep, para 

 alongside of, resembling; M.L. noun hae- 

 molyticus a specific epithet; M.L. adj. 

 parahaemolyticus {Haemophihis) haemoly- 

 ticus-\\kQ. 



Usually larger and stain more heavily 

 and unevenly than the other influenza 

 bacilli. Vary from coccoid to long, tangled 

 thread forms with much pleomorphism. 

 Non-motile. Gram-negative. 



Requires the V factor for growth in all 

 media. 



Blood agar colonies: 1 to 3 mm in di- 

 ameter, slightly opaque, homogeneous, 

 entire, friable, surrounded by a large, clear 

 zone of hemolysis. 



Blood agar slant: Thin, filiform, slightly 

 opaque growth. Death occurs in a few days. 



Broth: Stringy, floccular sediment; clear 

 supernatant. 



Indole usually not produced. 



Weak acidity from glucose and usually 

 from sucrose and maltose. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Habitat: Found in the upper respiratory 

 tract; frequently associated with acute 

 pharyngitis and occasionally causes sub- 

 acute endocarditis. 



8. Haemophilus aphrophilus Khairat, 

 1940. (Jour. Path, and Bact., 50, 1940, 497.) 



a.phro'phi.lus. Gr. noun aphrus foam; 

 Gr. adj. philus loving; M.L. adj. aphrophilus 

 foam-loving. 



Coccobacilli, 0.4 by 1.5 to 2.0 microns, 

 occurring singly and in irregular clumps. 

 After repeated culture long, curved and 

 occasionally filamentous forms occur. Non- 

 motile. Gram-negative. 



Requires the X factor for growth in air 

 containing CO 2 , but not in the absence of 

 air. 



Gelatin stab: Slight growth at 37° C. 

 No liquefaction. 



Blood agar colonies: After one day, 0.15 

 to 0.4 mm in diameter, circular, entire, 

 convex, smooth, glistening, translucent, 

 butyrous. After three days, 0.5 to 0.7 mm 

 in diameter with olive-green discoloration 

 of agar. 



Tryptic digest broth: Faint, uniform 

 turbidity with discrete colonies adhering 

 to glass. 



Litmus milk: Slightly acid after 14 days. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, maltose 

 and lactose in 2 to 4 days and from starch 

 and glycogen in 9 to 10 daj's. No acid from 

 galactose, fructose, raffinose, xylose, man- 

 nitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, salicin or inulin. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



