446 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



ish white sediment in 3 to 5 days, the broth 

 clearing. 



Milk: Not coagulated; cheesy odor. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C; killed at 

 58° C. 



Pathogenicity: Causes necrotic suppura- 

 tions in domestic fowls, especially hens. 

 Pathogenic for mice, guinea pigs and rab- 

 bits; subcutaneous injection of 0.1 to 1.0 cc 

 produces local edema and metastatic, ne- 

 crotic abscesses in the lungs and liver, 

 killing in 4 to 10 days. Intramuscular injec- 

 tion of 0.1 cc produces purulent inflamma- 

 tion and necrosis, followed by death, in 

 chickens and pigeons. 



Source : Isolated from an epidemic abscess 

 of chickens. 



Habitat: Found in domestic fowls; not 

 common. 



7. Sphaerophoriis ridiculosus Prevot, 

 1948. (Ann. Inst. Past., 75, 1948, 387.) 



ri.di.cu.lo'sus. L. adj. ridiculosus laugh- 

 able, droll. 



Extremely pleomorphic rods, especially 

 on initial isolation and when subject to the 

 action of penicillin; the most frequent form 

 is a round mass, 3 to 4 microns in diameter, 

 bearing two rod-shaped appendices which 

 are diametrically opposed or which form an 

 obtuse angle with each other; in old cultures 

 the predominant forms are straight or 

 curved rods, 0.8 by 2.5 to 10.0 microns, the 

 short forms often showing bipolar staining. 

 Non-motile. Robinow's procedures show 

 what appears to be a conjugation of cells 

 with a true nuclear cycle. Gram-negative. 



Much gas and slight odor are produced. 



Gelatin : No liquefaction. 



Agar stab: Lenticular colonies; abundant 

 gas. 



Glucose bouillon: Rapid and abundant 

 turbidity; abundant gas; fetid odor. 



Peptone broth: Turbid; gas. 



Milk: Coagulated in 5 days. 



Coagulated proteins: Not attacked. 



Indole and skatole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide slightly produced. 



Glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, mal- 

 tose and galactose are attacked. Glycerol is 

 not utilized. 



Starch is feebly attacked. 



Ammonia (0.04 g) and a volatile acid 

 (0.096 g of acetic and butyric acids) are 

 produced (per 100 cc of culture). 



Lactic acid is produced. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Neutral red is reduced. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Neither toxin nor hemolysin produced. 



Pathogenicity: Lesions not produced in 

 mice or guinea pigs. 



Source : Isolated from a lesion in a j aw un- 

 successfully treated with penicillin. 



Habitat: Found in human lesions; prob- 

 ably more widely distributed than this. 



8. Sphaerophorus gulosus (Eggerth 

 andGagnon, 1933) Prevot, 1938. {Bacteroides 

 gulosus Eggerth and Gagnon, Jour. Bact., 

 £5, 1933, 398; Prevot, Ann. Inst. Past., 60, 

 1938, 298.) 



gu.lo'sus. L. adj. gulosus gluttonous. 



Small, elliptical rods, 0.8 to 1.0 by 1.0 to 

 2.0 microns, on blood agar plates; in addi- 

 tion to these elliptical forms, small cocci, 

 rods with marked bipolar staining, swollen 

 rods 2 to 3 by 3 to 4 microns, and longer rods 

 up to 6 microns occur in glucose broth. Non- 

 motile. Stain deeper around periphery. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction in 2 to 3 weeks. 



Blood agar colonies: Soft, gray, entire, 

 elevated, 2 mm in diameter. 



Broth: Heavy and diffuse growth. 



Milk: Acidified and coagulated in 4 to 20 

 days. 



Indole is produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide is produced. 



Acid and a very small amount of gas from 

 esculin, amj-gdalin, arabinose, cellobiose, 

 dextrin, fructose, galactose, glycogen, in- 

 ulin, lactose, glucose, maltose, mannitol, 

 mannose, melezitose, raffinose, rhamnose, 

 salicin, sorbitol, starch, sucrose, trehalose 

 and xylose. Sorbitol and mannitol require 

 2 to 3 weeks for fermentation. Neither acid 

 nor gas from glycerol, dulcitol, erythritol 

 or inositol. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Peptone: No gas. 



Anaerobic. 



Non-pathogenic for white mice or rabbits. 



