FAMILY VII. MICROCOCCACEAE 



467 



rounding four of the elements, thus forming 

 typical tetrads. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, 1 to 2 mm in di- 

 ameter, white convex. 



Gelatin stab: Thick, white surface 

 growth. No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular, white, smooth, 

 glistening, entire. Reimann (Jour. Bact., 

 31 , 1936, 385) has described eleven colony- 

 form variants for this species. 



Agar slant: White, moist, glistening 

 growth. 



Broth: Clear, with gray viscous sediment. 



Litmus milk: Slightly acid. 



Potato: White, viscid growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid from glucose, lactose and glycerol. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonium salts not utilized. 



Biotin, L-tyrosine and L-glutamate are 

 required for growth (Aaronson, Bact. Proc, 

 51st Gen. Meeting Soc. Amer. Bact., Chi- 

 cago, 1951, 58). 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Pathogenic for mice and guinea pigs; rab- 

 bits are less susceptible. 



Source : Isolated from sputum in tubercu- 

 losis; also from air and skin. 



Habitat: Mucous membrane of the respir- 

 atory tract. 



2. GafFkya homari Hitchner and 

 Snieszko, 1947. (Micrococci of the Gaffkya 

 type, Snieszko and Taylor, Science, 105, 

 1947, 500; Hitchner and Snieszko, Jour. 

 Bact., 54, 1947, 48.) 



ho.ma'ri. M.L. noun Homarus generic 

 name of the lobster; M.L. gen. noun homari 

 of the lobster. 



Spheres, 0.8 to 1.1 microns in diameter, oc- 

 curring in tetrads. Encapsulated in lobster 

 blood but not in artificial media. Non-mo- 

 tile. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular, 1 to 2 mm in di- 

 ameter, grayish white, raised. 



Agar slants: Scant, beaded growth. 



Broth: Scant growth with granular sedi- 

 ment. 



Litmus milk: Slightly acid. 



Potato: No growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, lactose, 

 sucrose, maltose, raffinose, mannitol, glyc- 

 erol and salicin. Dulcitol not attacked. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Urease not produced. 



Ammonium salts do not serve as a sole 

 source of nitrogen. 



Biotin, calcium pantothenate, thiamin, 

 nicotinic acid and a number of amino 

 acids are required for growth (Aaronson, 

 Bact. Proc, 51st Gen. Meeting, Soc. Amer. 

 Bact., Chicago, 1951, 58). 



Optimum temperature, between 30° and 

 35° C. Growth range, 6° to 44° C. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Human blood agar: Beta-hemolytic. 



Pathogenic for lobsters. 



Source: Isolated from diseased lobsters 

 {Homarus americanus) from Maine. 



Genus IV. Sarcina Goodsir, 1842.* 

 (Edinborough Med. and Surg. Jour., 57, 1842, 430.) 



Sar.ci'na. L. noun sarcina a package; M.L. fem.n. Sarcina a generic name. 



Spheres. Division occurs, under favorable conditions, in three perpendicular planes, pro- 

 ducing regular packets. Usually non-motile, although motile species may occur. Gram-posi- 

 tive, but the Gram stain may be lost rather readily. Aerobic growth on agar abundant, often 

 with the production of a yellow, orange or red pigment; the growth of the anaerobic species 



* Revised by Prof. Robert S. Breed, New York State Experiment Station, Geneva, New- 

 York, March, 1943; further revision by Prof. Jan Smit, Landbouwhoogeschool, Wageningen, 

 The Netherlands, February, 1949. 



