468 ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



is less abundant and non-pigmented even when the conditions for growth are favorable. 

 Glucose broth generally slightly acid, lactose broth generally neutral. Gelatin frequently 

 liquefied. Nitrites may or maj^ not be produced from nitrates. Saprophytic and facultatively 

 parasitic species occur. 

 The type species is Sarcina ventriculi Goodsir. 



Key to the species of genus Sarcina. 



I. Microaerophilic to anaerobic. 



A. Utilize sugars. Do not produce methane. Subgenus Zymosarcina Smit (Die Garungs- 

 sarcinen. Pflanzenforschung, Jena, Heft 14, 1930, 26). 



1. Cellulose reaction positive. Slow coagulation in litmus milk. 



1. Sarcina ventriculi. 



2. Cellulose reaction negative. Litmus milk not coagulated. 



2. Sarcina maxima. 



B. Do not utilize sugars. Produce methane from carbon dioxide. Sub-genus Methano- 

 sarcina Kluyver and van Niel (Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 94, 1936, 400). 



1. Methanol not utilized. 



3. Sarcina methanica. 



2. Methanol utilized. 



4. Sarcina barkeri. 

 II. Aerobic. 



A. Urea not converted to ammonium carbonate. Sub-genus Sarcinococcus Breed (in 

 Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 285). 



1. Not halophilic. 



a. Yellow pigment produced. 



b. Milk alkaline; coagulated. 



5. Sarcina lutea. 

 bb. Milk alkaline; not coagulated. 



6. Sarcina flava. 

 aa. Orange pigment produced. 



7. Sarcina aurantiaca. 



2. Halophilic, red chromogen. 



8. Sarcina litoralis. 



B. Urea converted into ammonium carbonate. Sub-genus Urosarcina Miquel (Annales 

 de Micrographie, 1, 1888, 517). 



9. Sarcina hansenii. 

 10. Sarcina ureae. 



1. Sarcina ventriculi Goodsir, 1842, Large spheres, 3.5 to 4.0 microns in di- 



emend. Beijerinck, 1905. (Goodsir, Edin- ameter, occurring in packets of 8, 16, 32 or 



borough Med. and Surg. Jour., 57 , 1842, 430; more elements. Non-motile. Gram-positive. 



Beijerinck, Proc. Sect. Sci., Kon Akad. v. Growth occurs only in sugar media con- 



Wetensch., Amsterdam, 7, 1905, 580; also taining peptones, 



see Beijerinck, ibid., 8, 1911, 1237; Zymo- Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



sarcina ventriculi Smit, Die Garungssarci- Deep glucose agar colonies: Multilen- 



nen. Pflanzenforschung, Jena, Heft 14, 1930, ticular, surrounded by a cloudy zone. 



26.) Abundant gas. 



ven.tri'cu.li. L. noun ventricxihis the Glucose agar slant : Round, whitish colo- 



stomach; L. gen. noun ventriculi of the nies, several millimeters in diameter, 



stomach. Glucose broth: Abundant, flaky growth. 



Description taken in part from Smit {loc. Abundant gas. Acid. No turbidity. 



cit.). Plain peptone water: No growth. 



