472 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



9. Sarcina hansenii (Miquel, 1893) 

 Breed, comb, nov* {Urosarcina hansenii 

 Miquel, Annales de Micrographie, 5, 1893, 

 225 (type species (monotypy) of genus 

 Urosarcina Miquel, ibid., 1, 1888, 517); also 

 see Miquel and Cambier, Trait6 de Bac- 

 teriologie, 1903, 628.) 



han.se'ni.i. M.L. gen. noun hansenii of 

 Hansen; named for Emil Christian Hansen, 

 a Danish scientist who worked on fermen- 

 tation problems. 



Spheres, variable in size, ordinarily oc- 

 curring in tetrads or packets, sometimes in 

 irregular forms. 



Growth occurs in various media. 



Gelatin colonies: White, becoming yellow 

 after 48 hours. Growth may occur in streaks. 

 No liquefaction. 



Broth: No turbidity; yellow deposit on 

 walls of tube. 



Urea is converted into ammonium car- 

 bonate. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. Growth 

 occurs at room temperature. 



Comment : The original description makes 

 no mention of motility, of spore formation 

 or of the Gram stain. 



Relationships to other species: Hauduroy 

 et al. (Diet. d. Bact. Path., 2<= ed., 1953, 542) 

 regard this species as probably identical 

 with the following species. If the two species 

 are identical, Miquel's description ante- 

 dates that of Beijerinck. 



Source: Isolated from water and dust. 



Habitat: Presumably widely distributed. 



10. Sarcina ureae (Beijerinck, 1901) 

 Lohnis, 1911. {Planosarcina iireae Beije- 

 rinck, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 7, 1901, 52; 

 Lohnis, Landwirtsch. bakteriol. Prakti- 

 kum, 1911, 138.) 



u're.ae. Gr. noun urum urine; M.L. noun 

 urea urea; M.L. gen. noun ureae of urea. 



Original description supplemented by 

 material taken from Gibson (Arch, f . Mikro- 

 biol.,6, 1935,73). 



Spheres, 1.0 to 2.5 microns in diameter, 

 occurring singly, in pairs and in packets. 

 Endospores of an unusual type are pro- 

 duced; they measure 0.8 to 1.0 micron in 



diameter and are centrally located. Motile, 

 each sphere possessing a single, long flagel- 

 lum. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, flat, 

 microscopically coarsely granular, gray, 

 becoming opaque; old colonies generally 

 become slightly yellowish or brownish. 



Gelatin stab: Thread-like or beaded, gray 

 to j^ellowish gray, glistening or dull growth. 

 No liquefaction (Beijerinck); may or may 

 not produce slow liquefaction (several weeks 

 or months) (Gibson). 



Agar colonies: Same as those on gelatin. 



Agar slant: Growth gray, opaque and 

 glistening, becoming slightly yellowish in 

 old cultures. 



Glucose agar stab: Gray, glistening sur- 

 face growth becoming whitish or yellowish 

 in the center and slightly irregular. 



Broth: Turbid; later, an easily dispersed 

 sediment is produced ; a granular precipitate 

 may be formed on the walls of the tube. 



Milk: No change, but alkaline after several 

 weeks if a heavy inoculum is used. 



Potato: No growth on acid potato; brown- 

 ish growth on potato rendered alkaline with 

 NaoCOs . 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



No acid from glucose. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates (Gibson) ; 

 sea-water forms do not reduce nitrates 

 (Wood, Jour. Bact., 51, 1946, 287). 



Urea is converted into ammonium car- 

 bonate. 



Aerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 20° C. 

 Maximum, under 37° C. Spore-containing 

 cells resist heating to 80° C. for 10 minutes 

 (Beijerinck) and 100° C. for 5 minutes 

 (Gibson). The majority of vegetative cells 

 are destroyed at 65° C. for 15 minutes; in 

 dense suspensions, some survive 70° C. for 

 15 minutes (Gibson). 



Optimum pH, about 8.8. Limits of pH, 

 6.4 and 9.4. 



Spore formation: For abundant spore 

 formation, solid media containing am- 



* Description prepared by Prof. Robert S, 

 October, 1955. 



Breed, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, 



