488 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 37° C. 

 Some strains grow at 22° C. 



Optimum pH, between 6.0 and 8.0. 

 Growth occurs in broth at pH 5.5. 



Slowly plasmolyzed in 5 per cent NaCl 

 solution. 



Non-pathogenic (Lewkowicz's strains). 

 Two strains (Prevot's) were pathogenic for 

 rabbits. 



Distinctive characters : Differs from Veil- 

 lonella parvula in that it does not ferment 

 sugars, does not produce hydrogen sulfide 

 nor indole, is not hemolytic, does not pro- 

 duce nitrites from nitrates and does not 

 develop fetid odors. 



Source: Isolated from the mouth of a 

 healthy infant (Lewkowicz). Twenty-four 

 strains were isolated from human saliva 

 (Hall and Howitt). Of the fifteen strains 

 isolated by Prevot, one was from alveolar 

 pyorrhoea, one from a case of pulmonary 

 gangrene, five from tonsils, one from an ap- 

 pendix, two from cases of measles, three 

 from cases of scarlet fever and two from 

 normal guinea pigs and rabbits. 



Habitat: Prevalent in the salivas of man 

 and other animals. 



2a. Veillonella alcalescens var. gingivalis 

 Prevot, 1933. (Kleiner Micrococcus, Ozaki, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 62, 1912, 83; 

 Micrococcus gingivalis Bergey et al., Man- 

 ual, 1st ed., 1923, 69; Prevot, Ann. Sci. Nat., 

 Ser. Bot., 15, 1933, 133.) 



gin.gi.va'lis. L. noun gingiva a gum; 

 M.L. adj . gingivalis pertaining to a gum. 



Differs from Veillonella alcalescens by 

 its ability to grow at 22° C. and by the fact 

 that glucose, although favoring growth, is 

 not fermented. 



Source: Isolated from the oral cavity. 

 Two strains were isolated from the intes- 

 tines (Prevot). 



2b. Veillo7iella alcalescens var. mimitis- 

 sima Prevot, 1933. {Micrococcus minutis- 

 siinus Oliver and Wherry, Jour. Inf. Dis., 

 28, 1931, 342; Pr6vot, Ann. Sci. Nat., S^r. 

 Bot., 15, 1933, 134.) 



mi.nu.tis'si.ma. L. sup. adj. minutissi- 

 mus smallest. 



Differs from Veillonella alcalescens only 

 in that the usual carbohydrates favor 



growth and that the gas produced is not 

 absorbed by sodium hydroxide and is not 

 inflammable. 



Non-pathogenic for rabbits, guinea pigs 

 or white mice (Oliver and Wherry). 



Source: Two strains were isolated from a 

 mixed infection in aphthous ulcers of the 

 gingival and buccal mucosa of a case of 

 post-poliomyelitic paralysis. 



2c. Veillonella alcalescens var. syzygios 

 Prevot, 1933. (Syzygiococcus scarlatinae 

 Herzberg, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Ref., 90, 



1928, 575; Micrococcus syzygios scarlatinae 

 Herzberg, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., Ill, 



1929, 373; Micrococcxis syzygios Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 92; Prevot, Ann. Sci. 

 Nat., Ser. Bot., 15, 1933, 134.) 



sy.zy'gi.os. Gr. adj. syzygios yoked to- 

 gether. 



Differs from Veillonella alcalescens only 

 by its ability to grow under an atmospheric 

 pressure of 4 cm of mercury with the pro- 

 duction of hydrogen sulfide in small 

 amounts by some strains and the production 

 of nitrites from nitrates. 



Source: Isolated by Herzberg in 30 per 

 cent of normal mouths and in 100 per cent 

 of salivas from scarlet fever patients. 



3. Veillonella discoides (Prevot, 1933) 

 Pelczar, comb. nov. (Neisseria discoides Pre- 

 vot, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. Bot., 15, 1933, 106.) 



dis.co.i'des. Gr. adj. discoides disc- 

 shaped. 



Spheres, 0.6 to 0.7 micron in diameter, 

 occurring in pairs or tetrads. Gram-nega- 

 tive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Agar deep colonies: Lenticular, up to 1 

 mm in diameter. Grows in a narrow disc 

 about 1 cm below the surface. Gas pro- 

 duced. 



Broth: Turbid; fine, granular precipitate. 

 Slight rancid odor and inflammable, ex- 

 plosive gas produced. 



Peptone water: Gas produced. 



Milk: No action. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Coagulated proteins: No digestion. 



Carbohydrates not attacked. 



