FAMILY X. LACTOBACILLACEAE 



515 



Hartsell, Jour. Inf. Dis., 61, 1937, 110; see 

 Little, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 41, 1939, 

 254.) 



dys.ga.lac'ti.ae. Gr. prefix dys ill, hard; 

 Gr. noun galacfia pertaining to milk; M.L. 

 noun dysgalactia loss or impairment of milk 

 secretion, dysgalactia; M.L. gen. noun dys- 

 galacHae of dysgalactia. 



Spherical or ovoid cells occurring in 

 chains of medium length. Gram-positive. 



Serology: Belongs to Lancefield's group 

 C. Those cultures associated with suppura- 

 tive polyarthritis(joint-ill) in lambs appear 

 to belong to a distinct serological type of 

 which the type antigen is a capsular protein 

 (Blakemore, Elliott and Hart-Mercer, Jour. 

 Path. Bad., 52, 1941, 57). 



Action on blood: Greening (alpha hemo- 

 lytic). Soluble hemolysin not produced. 



Colony form: Matt colonies may be pro- 

 duced similar to those of Streptococcus 

 pyogenes. 



Not fibrinolytic. 



Temperature relations: No growth at 10° 

 or 45° C. Does not survive 60° C. for 30 

 minutes. 



Tolerance tests : Fails to grow in presence 

 of 6.5 per cent NaCl or at pH 9.6. Does not 

 grow in skim milk containing 0.1 per cent 

 methylene blue. Does not grow on 40 per 

 cent bile blood agar. 



Litmus milk: Lactose-fermenting strains 

 produce acid reaction with occasional cur- 

 dling. Litmus not reduced before curdling. 



Final pH in glucose broth: bovine strains, 

 between 5.0 and 5.2; ovine strains, between 

 4.4 and 4.9. 



Acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose and 

 trehalose. Lactose, sorbitol and salicin may 

 or may not be fermented. No acid from 

 raffinose, inulin, glycerol or mannitol. 



Esculin may or may not be hydrolyzed. 

 Gelatin not liquefied. Sodium hippurate 

 hydrolyzed by some bovine strains but not 

 by ovine strains. 



Ammonia produced from arginine. 



Relationships : This non-hemolytic species 

 needs further study to establish definitely 

 its identity, the relationship of the ovine 

 and bovine strains and its serological rela- 

 tionship to group C. 



Source: Isolated from milk and udder of 

 cows with acute but mild mastitis. Also 



from various tissues and organs of lambs 

 suffering from suppurative polyarthritis. 



Habitat: Probablj- of bovine and ovine 

 origin. 



6. Streptococcus sanguis White, 1946. 

 (Serological group H, Hare, Jour. Path. 

 Bact., 41, 1935, 499; Streptococcus s.b.e., 

 Loewe, Plummer, Niven and Sherman, Jour. 

 Am. Med. Assoc, 130, 1946, 257; White, in 

 White and Niven, Jour. Bact., 51, 1946, 

 717.) 



san'guis. L. noun sanguis blood. 



Spherical or ovoid cells 0.8 to 1.2 microns 

 in diameter, occurring in medium or long 

 chains. Cultures grown aerobically may 

 show occasional rod-shaped cells. Gram- 

 positive. 



Serology: Two serological types (I and II) 

 have been established among the non-he- 

 molytic strains. Some cultures possess both 

 type antigens (Washburn, White and Niven, 

 Jour. Bact., 51, 1946, 723). Dodd (Proc. 

 Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 70, 1949, 598) placed 

 both types within serological group H as 

 established by Hare and indicated that this 

 group contained at least 5 serological types. 

 Porterfield (Jour. Gen. Microbiol., 4, 1950, 

 92) reported that types I and I/II belonged 

 to group H but that type II was serolog- 

 ically distinct. 



Action on blood: The original group H 

 streptococci as established by Hare were de- 

 scribed as narrow-zoned beta hemolytic 

 colonies on blood agar which had a tendencj^ 

 to throw off non-hemolytic variants. No 

 soluble hemolysin could be demonstrated. 

 As originally described, Streptococcus san- 

 guis produced alpha reaction on blood agar, 

 but one strain produced narrow-zone beta 

 hemolysis (White and Niven, Jour. Bact., 

 51, 1946, 717). 



Colony forms: Matt or glossy type colo- 

 nies may be produced, usually 0.7 to 0.9 

 mm in diameter on blood agar after 48 hours 

 at 37° C. 



Not fibrinolytic. 



Temperature relations: No growth at 

 10° C. May or may not grow at 45° C. A few 

 cultures may survive 60° C. for 30 minutes. 



Tolerance tests: Fails to grow in presence 

 of 6.5 per cent NaCl or in skim milk con- 

 taining 0.1 per cent methylene blue. Most 



