516 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



cultures grow on blood agar containing 40 

 per cent bile. 



Litmus milk: Acid produced; may be 

 curdled; litmus not reduced before curdling. 



Final pH in glucose broth, between 4.6 

 and 5.2. 



Acid from glucose, maltose, lactose, su- 

 crose, trehalose and salicin. The majority 

 of the cultures ferment inulin but not raffi- 

 nose. Arabinose, xylose, glj^cerol, mannitol 

 and sorbitol not fermented. 



Nearly all cultures synthesize a polysac- 

 charide (dextran) from sucrose in broth 

 culture (Niven, Kiziuta and White, Jour. 

 Bact., 51 , 1946, 711) or on sucrose agar when 

 incubated anaerobically (Hehre, Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 83, 1946, 147). This polysaccharide 

 cross reacts with type II pneumococcus 

 antiserum. 



Starch usually not hydrolyzed. Gelatin 

 not liquefied. 



Sodium hippurate not hydrolyzed. Escu- 

 lin usually split. 



Ammonia produced from arginine. 



Relationships: Although the identity of 

 non-hemolytic Streptococcus sanguis with 

 the hemolytic group H streptococci has not 

 yet been clearly established, their close re- 

 lationship appears to warrant combining 

 them into one species at this time. Further 

 serological studies are needed to firmly es- 

 tablish the validity of this grouping. Al- 

 though most Streptococcus sanguis cultures 

 react with group H sera, attempts to pre- 

 pare group H sera ivora Streptococcus sanguis 

 cultures have been unsuccessful. 



Source : The original group H strains were 

 isolated from normal human throats. They 

 were not believed to be associated with any 

 serious human infections. 



Streptococcus sanguis was originally iso- 

 lated from so-called vegetation on heart 

 valves from cases of subacute bacterial 

 endocarditis and appeared to be one of the 

 most common streptococci associated with 

 this disease. Occasionally isolated from in- 

 fected sinuses and teeth and from house 

 dust. 



Habitat: Unknown. Probably man. 



7. Streptococcus anginosus Andrewes 

 and Horder, 1906. (Andrewes and Horder, 

 Lancet, 2, 1906, 70S, 775 and 852; Minute 



beta hemolytic streptococcus. Long and 

 Bliss, Jour. Exp. Med., 60, 1934, 619; also 

 see Long, Bliss andWalcott, ibid., 633, and 

 Bliss, Jour. Bact., 83, 1937, 625.) 



an.gi.no'sus. L. adj. anginosus pertaining 

 to angina. 



Minute cocci, one-half to two-thirds the 

 size of Streptococcus pyogenes, occurring 

 singly, in pairs, short chains and in small or 

 large masses. Gram-positive, but may de- 

 colorize readil3^ 



Serology: Comprises Lancefield's group 

 F and type I group G. At least 4 serological 

 types within group F have been established. 

 The type-specific antigens in type I group 

 F, and type I group G appear to be chem- 

 ically and serologically identical. 



Action on blood: Very minute colonies 

 appear on blood agar after incubation for 

 48 to 96 hours; they are surrounded by 

 minute zones of beta hemolysis. The he- 

 molytic zones may appear before the colo- 

 nies are visible to the naked eye. Growth 

 and hemolysis greatly aided by incubation 

 under 10 per cent carbon dioxide (Deibel, 

 Thesis, Univ. of Chicago, 1952). Soluble 

 hemolysin produced, but may be difficult to 

 demonstrate (Long and Bliss, Jour. Inf. 

 Dis., 61, 1937, 96). Streptolysin O or S not 

 produced. Non-hemolytic strains reported 

 by Rantz (Jour. Inf. Dis., 71, 1942, 61). 



Colony forms : Matt colonies usually not 

 produced. Under the microscope, colonies 

 are finely granular and may appear wrinkled 

 and crenated. 



Not fibrinolytic. 



Temperature relations: No growth at 

 10° C. and, with few exceptions, no growth 

 at 45° C. Does not survive 60° C. for 30 

 minutes. 



Tolerance tests: Does not grow in broth 

 containing 6.5 per cent NaCl or at pH 9.6. 

 No growth on 40 per cent bile blood agar 

 or in skim milk containing 0.1 per cent 

 methylene blue. 



Litmus milk: Acid produced by the lac- 

 tose-fermenting strains. Milk may be cur- 

 dled by some strains. Litmus not reduced 

 before curdling. 



Final pH in glucose broth, between 4.5 

 and 5.2. 



Acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose and 

 salicin. Lactose and trehalose usually fer- 



