518 



ORDER rv. EUBACTERIALES 



Litmus milk: Acid, usually followed by 

 curdling. Litmus reduced subsequent to 

 curdling. No proteolysis. 



Final pH in glucose broth, between 4.2 

 and 4.8. 



Acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose and 

 trehalose. Nearly all strains ferment lac- 

 tose, although an occasional strain may fail 

 to ferment or may lose its ability to ferment 

 lactose. Salicin may or may not be fer- 

 mented. Glycerol is fermented aerobically 

 (Gunsalus and Sherman, Jour. Bact., Jt5, 

 1943, 155), but rarely anaerobically. No acid 

 from xylose, arabinose, raffinose, inulin, 

 mannitol or sorbitol. 



Starch not hydrolyzed; gelatin not lique- 

 fied. 



Sodium hippurate hydrolyzed, but es- 

 culin not split. 



Ammonia produced from arginine. 



Erythrogenic toxin not produced. 



Distinctive character: This species is dis- 

 tinctive among the pyogenic group by its 

 ability to hydrolyze sodium hippurate. 



Source: Isolated from milk and tissues 

 from udders of cows infected with mastitis. 

 Also reported to be associated with a variety 

 of human infections, especially those of the 

 urogenital tract. 



Habitat : Udder of cows infected with mas- 

 titis. 



9. Streptococcus acidoniinimus Ayers 

 and Mudge, 1922. (Jour. Inf. Dis., 31, 1922, 

 40; ihid., S3, 1923, 155.) 



a.ci.do.mi'ni.mus. L. adj. acidus sour, 

 acid; L. sup. adj. minimus very least; 

 M.L. neut.n. acidum an acid; M.L. adj. 

 acidominimus literally acid least, probably 

 intended to mean that this organism pro- 

 duces the least amount of acid. 



Description taken from Smith and Sher- 

 man (Jour. Inf. Dis., 65, 1939, 301). 



Spheres. Generally occur in short chains. 



Serology: Does not belong to any es- 

 tablished serological group. 



Action on blood: Greening (alpha hemo- 

 lytic). No soluble hemolysin produced. 



Temperature relations : No growth at 10° 

 or 45° C. Some strains are reported to pro- 

 duce feeble growth at 45° C. Does not 

 survive 60° C. for 30 minutes. 



Tolerance tests: Growth in broth con- 



taining 2 per cent NaCl but not 6.5 per cent 

 NaCl. No growth at pH 9.6 or in milk con- 

 taining 0.01 per cent methylene blue. 



Litmus milk: Little or no visible change. 



Final pH in glucose broth, between 6.5 

 and 5.6. Most strains fail to lower the pH 

 below 6.0. 



Acid from glucose, lactose and sucrose. 

 The majority of strains ferment maltose and 

 trehalose. Mannitol may or may not be fer- 

 mented. A few cultures ferment sorbitol and 

 salicin. Arabinose, xylose, raffinose, inulin 

 and glycerol not fermented. The fermenta- 

 tion tests are difficult to perform with ac- 

 curacy because of the high limiting pH. 



Starch and gelatin not hj^drolyzed. 



Sodium hippurate hydrolyzed slowly. 

 Esculin not split by most strains. 



Ammonia not produced from arginine. 



Distinctive characters: This species may 

 be confused with Streptococcus agalactiae 

 because of its ability to hydrolyze sodium 

 hippurate, but it can be differentiated easilj^ 

 by its low acid production in glucose broth, 

 by its inability to produce ammonia from 

 arginine and by its inability to ferment 

 glycerol. 



Source: Originally isolated from freshly 

 drawn milk. Occurs abundantly in the 

 bovine vagina. Also found on the skin of 

 calves. 



Habitat: The bovine vagina. 



10. Streptococcus salivarius Andrewes 

 and Horder, 1906. (Lancet, 2, 1906, 712.) 



sa.li.va'ri.us. L. adj. salivarius salivary, 

 slimy. 



Description based on studies by Sherman, 

 Niven and Smiley (Jour. Bact., 4S, 1943, 

 249). 



Spherical or ovoid cells 0.8 to 1.0 micron 

 in diameter. Chain length may vary from 

 short to very long. Gram-positive. 



Serology: No group-specific antigen has 

 been demonstrated. Serological types I and 

 II have been established based upon the 

 presence of capsular antigens (Sherman, 

 Niven and Smiley, loc. cit.). Several ad- 

 ditional serological types are known to exist. 

 A cross reaction occurs between type I and 

 Streptococcus MG (Mirick et al., Jour. Exp. 

 Med., 80, 1944, 431). 



Action on blood: Indifferent (gamma re- 



