520 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



strains produce colonies on sucrose agar 

 resembling small bits of broken glass. 



Acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose and 

 usually from lactose and salicin. A minority 

 of the strains ferment raffinose and treha- 

 lose. No acid from inulin, mannitol, sor- 

 bitol, glycerol, arabinose or xylose. 



Sodium hippurate and gelatin not hy- 

 drolyzed. Esculin is split by a minority of 

 the strains. Starch may be hydrolyzed 

 feebly by some strains. 



Ammonia may or may not be produced 

 from arginine. 



Some strains oxidize butyric acid with the 

 production of hydrogen peroxide and acetic 

 acid (Wolin, Evans and Niven, Jour. Bact., 

 6J^, 1952, 531). 



Comments: This species comprises the 

 heterogeneous group of greening strepto- 

 cocci associated with the human respiratory 

 tract. It has no unique identifiable charac- 

 teristic, and some non-hemolytic varieties 

 of the pyogenic group may be confused with 

 it. The species may yield to more incisive 

 methods of segregation and more accurate 

 characterization of its constituent units. 



Source: Saliva, sputum and intestinal 

 tract of the human. Ordinarily not consid- 

 ered pathogenic but may be recovered from 

 ulcerated teeth and sinuses and from the 

 blood and heart lesions in subacute endocar- 

 ditis cases. 



Habitat: Human mouth, throat and naso- 

 pharynx. 



12. Streptococcus bovis Orla-Jensen, 

 1919, emend. Sherman, 1937. (Orla-Jensen. 

 The Lactic Acid Bacteria, 1919, 137; Sher- 

 man, Bacteriological Reviews, 1, 1937, 57.) 



bo'vis. L. noun hos a cow; L. gen. noun 

 hovis of a cow. 



Spherical or ovoid cells, 0.8 to 1.0 micron 

 in diameter, occurring in pairs and chains. 

 Some occur in long chains. Gram-positive. 



Serology: This species is serologically 

 heterogeneous. Many serological types are 

 known to occur. Some strains cross-react 

 with group D sera (Sherman, Jour. Bact., 

 35, 1938, 81). Shattock (Jour. Gen. Micro- 

 biol., S, 1949, 80) claims that by special 

 methods of preparing the cellular extracts, 

 the group D antigen can be demonstrated. 



Action on blood: The changes exhibited 



vary from strong greening (alpha hemolytic) 

 to no observable change (gamma hemoly- 

 tic). No soluble hemolysin produced. 



Generally uniform turbidity with some 

 sediment produced in broth cultures. Some 

 strains tend to die out rapidly in artificial 

 media. 



Temperature relations : Growth at 45° but 

 not at 10° C. Survives 60° C. for 30 minutes. 



Tolerance tests: No growth in broth con- 

 taining 6.5 per cent NaCl. No growth at pH 

 9.6. May tolerate 0.01 per cent, but not 0.1 

 per cent, methylene blue in milk. Growth 

 occurs on blood agar containing 40 per 

 cent bile. 



Litmus milk: Acid; usually curdles with 

 litmus reduction after curdling. No diges- 

 tion. 



Final pH in glucose broth, between 4.0 and 

 4.5. 



Some strains synthesize a dextran from 

 sucrose resulting in the production of large, 

 mucoid colonies on agar media containing 5 

 per cent sucrose. 



Acid from glucose, fructose, mannose, 

 galactose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, raf- 

 finose and salicin; sometimes from xylose, 

 arabinose, trehalose, inulin, mannitol and 

 sorbitol. No acid from glycerol. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. Occasional strains 

 hydrolyze sodium hippurate. Gelatin not 

 hydrolyzed. Esculin split. 



Ammonia is not produced from arginine. 



Distinctive characters: This species is 

 characterized by its temperature limits of 

 growth, its bile tolerance and its ability to 

 hydrolyze starch. A significant proportion 

 of the strains from bovine sources do not, 

 however, fit the above description. Further 

 study of the streptococci from bovine 

 sources is indicated. 



Source: Alimentary tract of the cow. 

 Sometimes found in large numbers in hu- 

 man feces. May be encountered in blood and 

 heart lesions of certain cases of subacute 

 endocarditis (Niven, Washburn and White, 

 Jour. Bact., 55, 1948, 601). 



Habitat: Bovine alimentary tract. 



13. Streptococcus equinus Andrewes 

 and Border, 1906. (Lancet, 2, 1906, 712.) 



e.qui'nus. L. adj. equinus pertaining to a 

 horse. 



