532 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Glucose gelatin colonies: Small, white to 

 grayish white, raised, nodular. 



Glucose gelatin stab: Growth along entire 

 stab. No liquefaction. 



Sucrose broth: Usually produces slime 

 from sucrose; slime most pronounced in 

 sucrose gelatin stab. Niven, Castellani and 

 AUanson (Jour. Bact., 58, 1949, 633) have 

 described types from meat products that 

 do not produce slime. Pederson and Ward 

 (New York State Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech 

 Bull. 288, 1949) have described similar 

 types from high-salt cucumber brines. 

 Pederson and Albury (Jour. Bact., 70, 1955, 

 702) have induced such types to produce 

 typical slime by repeated transfers in 

 sucrose solutions. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid from glucose, fructose, galactose, 

 mannose, xylose, arabinose, sucrose and 

 generally from lactose, raffinose, salicin and 

 mannitol. Rarely acid from dextrin, starch, 

 inulin, sorbitol, rhamnose or glycerol. Mc- 

 Cleskey, Faville and Barnett (Jour. Bact., 

 54, 1947, 697) recognize four colonial types 

 which differ somewhat in fermentation reac- 

 tions. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Microaerophilic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, between 21° and 

 25° C. 



Distinctive characters: Usually active 

 slime producer in sucrose solutions. Mc- 

 Cleskey, Faville and Barnett (op. cit. 1947, 

 697) recognized four colonial types, A, B, C 

 and F, which differ in amounts of gum, acid 

 and gas produced and in temperature and 

 pH requirements for growth. McCleskey 

 and Barnett (Proc. Louisiana Acad of Sci., 

 12, 1949, 38) have correlated these with nu- 

 tritional requirements and Leiva-Quiros and 

 McCleskey (Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 709) with 

 serological relationships. 



Source: Isolated from slime in a sugar 

 factory. 



Habitat: Most active species of the genus. 

 Encountered in fermenting vegetable and 

 other plant materials and in prepared meat 

 products. Frequently isolated from slimy 

 sugar solutions. 



2. Leuconostoc dextranicuiii (Bei- 



jerinck, 1912) Hucker and Pederson, 1930. 

 (Lactococcus dextranicus Beijerinck, Folia 

 Microbiologica, Delft, 1912, 377; Hucker 

 and Pederson, New York Agr. Exp. Sta. 

 Tech. Bull, 167, 1930, 67.) 



dex.tra'ni.cum. L. adj. dexter right; M.L. 

 noun dextranum dextran; M.L. adj. dex- 

 tranicus related to dextran. 



Spheres, 0.6 to 1.0 micron in diameter, 

 occurring in pairs and in short chains. Gram- 

 positive. 



Gelatin stab : Gray filiform growth in stab. 



Agar colonies: Small, gray, circular, 

 slightly raised, entire. 



Glucose broth: Slight grayish sediment. 



Litmus milk: Acid, coagulation. Fre- 

 quentl}^ shows slight reduction of litmus in 

 bottom of tube. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Produces slime from sucrose in rapidly 

 growing cultures. 



Acid from glucose, fructose, galactose, 

 maltose, sucrose and generally from lactose 

 and mannose. No acid from xylose, arabi- 

 nose, glycerol, rhamnose, sorbitol, mannitol 

 or starch; rarely from raffinose, inulin or 

 dextrin. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Microaerophilic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, between 21° and 

 25° C. 



Distinctive characters: Produces a mod- 

 erate amount of slime in sucrose solutions. 



Source: Isolated from dairy starters. 



Habitat: Found in plant materials and in 

 milk products. 



3. Leuconostoc citrovoruni (Hammer, 

 1920) Hucker and Pederson, 1930. {Strepto- 

 coccus citrovorus Hammer, Iowa Agr. Exp. 

 Sta. Research Bull. No. 63, 1920; Hucker 

 and Pederson, New York Agr. E.xp. Sta. 

 Tech. Bull. 167, 1930, 67.) 



cit.ro'vo.rum. L. noun citr^js the citron 

 tree; M.L. noun citrus the lemon, here re- 

 ferring to citric acid; L. v. voro to devour; 

 M.L. adj. citrovorus citrate-utilizing. 



Spheres, 0.6 to 1.0 micron in diameter, 

 occuring in pairs and chains. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin stab: Filiform growth in stab. No 

 liquefaction. 



