584 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



4. Corynebacteriuni striatum (Ches- 

 ter, 1901) Eberson, 1918. {Bacillus striahis 

 flavus and Bacilhis striatus albits von Be.sser, 

 Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. allgem. Path., 6, 

 1888, 349; Bacterium striatum Chester, Man. 

 Determ. Bact., 1901, 171; Bacillus flavidus 

 Morse, Jour. Inf. Dis., 11, 1912, 281; Eber- 

 son, Jour. Inf. Dis., £3, 1918, 5 and 22; Co- 

 rynebacterium flavidum Holland, Jour. Bact., 

 5, 1920, 218.) 



stri.a'tum. L. v. strio to groove; L. part, 

 adj. striatus grooved. 



Original description supplemented by- 

 material taken from Munch-Petersen (Aus- 

 tral. Jour. E.xp. Biol, and Med. Sci., 32, 

 1954, 367). 



Pleomorphic rods, many of which are 

 club-shaped, which measure 0.25 to 0.5 by 

 2.0 to 3.0 microns; coccoid and long, fila- 

 mentous forms increase with the age of the 

 culture. Possess fairly large metachromatic 

 granules arranged so as to produce regular 

 bars (striae or segments). Non-motile. 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Good growth. Many cultures 

 liquefy gelatin slowly, while others do not 

 liquefj' even by 5 weeks. 



Agar colonies: Visible after 48 hours; cir- 

 cular, 1.0 to 1.25 mm in diameter, white, 

 smooth and entire by the fifth day. 



Agar slants: Visible growth in 48 hours; 

 discrete, white, entire, slightly moist, non- 

 confluent growth in 3 days; profuse, slightly 

 spreading, erose growth in 5 days. 



Agar shakes: Excellent growth on sur- 

 face and throughout the medium; similar 

 to that on agar plates. 



Chromogenesis: Some strains produce a 

 yellowish green pigment soluble in the me- 

 dium. 



Citrate agar: Fair growth similar to that 

 on agar. 



Broth (with and without serum or glu- 

 cose) : Excellent growth visible in 24 hours; 

 clear supernatant; finely granular, white 

 sediment easily shaken up; no pellicle or 

 growth on surface. 



Loeffler's serum: Growth moderate, 

 slightly raised, low convex, opaque, erose. 



Litmus milk: No change in 5 days; reduc- 

 tion may occur in 3 weeks. 



Potato: Very doubtful growth. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide production slight, if at 

 all. 



Acid from glucose, fructose, mannose, tre- 

 halose, dextrin and glycogen; acid usually 

 produced from galactose, lactose, maltose 

 and starch; acid occasionally produced 

 from sucrose, glycerol and mannitol. No 

 acid from arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, 

 raffinose, inulin, salicin, amygdalin, eryth- 

 ritol, adonitol, dulcitol, sorbitol or inositol. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Methyl red test usually negative. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ammonia is not produced. 



Aerobic. 



Catalase-positive . 



Methylene blue may or may not be re- 

 duced. 



Thermal death point (24-hour broth cul- 

 tures) : 60° C. for 5 minutes. 



Blood agar: Slight hemolysis around deep 

 but not around surface colonies. 



Pathogenicity: A 24-hour broth culture, 

 when injected intramuscularly, proved 

 fatal to all of the guinea pigs and to nearly 

 all of the mice which were tested. 



Comments: Eberson (op. cit., 1918, 5) 

 points out that the description of Bacillus 

 flavidus Morse agrees with that of Bac- 

 terium striatum Chester; therefore with 

 good reason he regards the two species as 

 identical, and they are so regarded here. 

 Munch-Petersen 's description agrees, with 

 minor exceptions, with that of Corynebac- 

 terium flavidum Holland as found in the 

 Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 797. Investigators 

 find no essential differences, other than 

 chromogenesis, between the white and yel- 

 low strains of this species. 



Source: Originally isolated from nasal 

 mucus and from the throat; also found in 

 the udders of cows with mastitis. 



Habitat: Probably associated with the 

 mucous membranes and skin glands of mam- 

 mals, including man. 



5. Corynebacteriuni pseudotubercu- 

 losis (Buchanan, 1911) Eberson, 1918. (No- 

 card, Bull, de la Soc. Centr. de m6d. Vet., 

 1885, 207; Pseudotuberculose-Bakterien, 

 Preisz, Cent. f. Bakt., 10, 1891, 568; Bacillus 

 tuberculosis ovis Lehmann and Neumann, 

 Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 362; Bacillus 



