GIO 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in cysteine 

 and thiosulfate media. 



Sugar media: Very slight acidity from 

 glucose and sucrose; no gas from carbohy- 

 drates. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Urease not produced. 



Utilizes nitrates and ammonium salts as 

 nitrogen sources; citrates utilized as sole 

 carbon source. 



Catalase-positive. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 20° and 32° C; slight growth at 10° 

 and at 37° C; no growth at 45° C. 



Source: Isolated from soil by Conn and 

 Dimmick (Soil Sci., 65, 1948, 349). Cultures 

 of yellow forms were labelled Arthrobacter 

 aurescens and were distributed to other 

 investigators under this name. 



Habitat: Soil. 



6. Arthrobacter ureafaciens (Krebs 

 and Eggleston, 1939) Clark, 1955. (Culture 

 NC, Dubos and Miller, Jour. Biol. Chem., 

 121, 1937, 431; Krebs and Eggleston, En- 

 zymologia, 7, 1939, 310; Corynebacterium 

 creatinovorans , name used by Dubos on Cul- 

 ture NC (ATCC No. 7562) as sent to Amer. 

 Type Culture Coll., December, 1941, and 

 used in the Catalogue of Cultures, 1949, and 

 later in the literature by various authors 

 such as Kalinsky, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and 

 Med., 7J^, 1950, 767, and Barron, Ardac and 

 Hearson, Arch. Biochem., 29, 1950, 130; 

 Clark, Internat. Bull, of Bact. Nomen. 

 andTaxon.,5, 1955, HI; also see Bact. Rev., 

 19, 1955, 273.) 



u.re.a.fa'ci.ens. Gr. noun urum urine; 

 M.L. noun urea urea; L. v. jacio to make, 

 produce; M.L. part. adj. ureafaciens urea- 

 producing. 



Rods which vary in shape and size accord- 

 ing to the nature of the culture medium: in 

 young cultures, 0.5 by 1.0 to 3.0 microns on 

 plain agar and 0.7 by 2.0 to 7.0 microns on 

 richer media; the cells are irregular and 

 may be curved, bent or swollen. In older 

 cultures the cells are cocci and coccoid rods, 

 measuring 0.6 by 0.8 micron. Non-motile. 

 The rods and cocci are Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab: Stratiform liquefaction; 

 cream-colored surface growth; liquid 

 slightly turbid and flaky. Sediment is abun- 

 dant. 



Agar colonies: Circular, 1.5 to 2.0 mm in 

 diameter, convex, yellow, smooth, glisten- 

 ing. 



Agar slant: Growth moderate, filiform, 

 yellow, glistening with a metallic sheen, 

 soft; surface uneven, becoming wrinkled. 



Soil-extract agar slant: Growth filiform, 

 pale gray becoming yellow, glistening, soft; 

 surface uneven; edge finely wrinkled. 



Asparagine agar slant: Growth filiform, 

 lemon-yellow, glistening, soft; surface un- 

 even; edge becoming wrinkled. 



Broth: Moderately turbid; no surface 

 growth; cream-colored sediment. 



Potato: Growth moderate, raised, yellow- 

 ish brown, dull, cheesy in consistency. 



Milk: Flaky, yellowish surface growth; 

 clearing without coagulation; cream-colored 

 sediment. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in cysteine 

 media. 



Sugar media: Little or no acidity; no gas. 



Acetjdmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Starch is not hydrolj^zed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Urea produced from creatine, creatinine 

 and uric acid. 



Urease not produced. 



Utilizes nitrates and ammonium salts as 

 nitrogen sources. 



Catalase-positive. 



Aerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 32° C. 

 No growth at 10° or at 45° C. Good growth 

 between 25° and 37° C. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



7. Arthrobacter tumescens (Jensen, 

 1934) Conn and Dimmick, 1947. {Corynebac- 

 terium tumescens Jensen, Proc. Linn. Soc. 

 New So. Wales, 59, 1934, 45; Conn and Dim- 

 mick, Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 295, Fig. 3, and 

 302.) 



tu.mes'cens. L. part. adj. tumescens swell- 

 ing up. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.8 by 2.0 to 6.0 microns, oc- 

 curring in an angular arrangement and 



