FAMILY XIII. BACILLACEAE 



631 



NaCl broth: Usually no growth in 2 per 

 cent NaCl. 



Milk agar streak plate : Wide zone of hy- 

 drolysis of the casein. 



Potato: Growth scant to moderate, flat, 

 spreading, creamy, pink or brownish. Fre- 

 quently resembles growth of Bacillus pumi- 

 lus. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid but no gas (with ammonium salts as 

 source of nitrogen) from glucose and su- 

 crose; acid usually produced from man- 

 nitol. No acid from arabinose, xylose or lac- 

 tose. (A few strains are not able to use 

 ammonia. Organic nitrogen cannot be sub- 

 stituted because of the strong proteolytic 

 activity of the organism.) 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



pH of glucose broth cultures is 8.0 to 8.6. 



Citrate utilization variable. 



Methylene blue reduced and not reox- 

 idized in 21 days. 



Nitrites may or may not be produced 

 from nitrates. A few strains produce gas 

 in nitrate broth under anaerobic conditions. 



Urease not produced. 



Growth factors not essential. 



Lecithinase not produced. 



Aerobic, rarely facultatively anaerobic. 

 No growth in glucose broth under anaerobic 

 conditions. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 28° and 40° C. Maximum, usually 

 between 45° and 55° C. 



The antibiotics gramicidin and tyrocidin 

 are obtained from certain strains (Dubos 

 and Hotchkiss, Jour. Exp. Med., 7S, 1941, 

 629; also see Hotchkiss and Dubos, Jour. 

 Biol. Chem., I4I, 1941, 155), while grami- 

 cidin S is obtained from other strains (Gause 

 and Brazknikova, Lancet, 247, 1944, 715). 



Source: Isolated from milk (Fliigge) ; milk, 

 soil and dust (Ford). 



Habitat: Widely distributed in soil, air, 

 dust, milk and cheese; also common as a 

 laboratory contaminant. 



20. Bacillus larvae White, 1905. (Bac- 

 terium X, Moore and White, N. Y. State 

 Dept. Agr., 11th Ann. Rept. Comm. Agr. for 

 1903, 1904, 111; Bacillus X, Moore and 



White, ibid., Rept. for 1904, 1905, 106; White, 

 Thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y., 1905; 

 White, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Entomol., 

 Tech. Ser. Bull. 14, 1906, 32; White, U. S. 

 Dept. Agr. Bull. 809, 1920, 13.) 



lar'vae. L. noun larva a ghost, mask; M.L. 

 noun larva a larva; M.L. gen. noun larvae 

 of a larva. 



Description taken from Lochhead (Sci. 

 Agr., 5, 1928,84). 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.8 by 2.5 to 5.0 microns, oc- 

 curring singly and in chains. Motile. Gram- 

 variable. 



Spores ellipsoidal, central to subterminal. 



Sporangia swollen and spindle-shaped. 



Gelatin stab: No growth. 



Carrot gelatin: Slow liquefaction. 



Yeast carrot agar colonies: Small, whit- 

 ish, somewhat transparent, smooth, slightly 

 glistening. 



Agar slants: No growth. With addition of 

 carrot extract, there is noticeable growth 

 along the line of inoculation. More abundant 

 growth with the further addition of yeast 

 extract. 



Yeast carrot broth: Fungoid in appear- 

 ance, floating masses breaking up on shaking 

 to produce uniform clouding. 



Carrot milk: Acid wdth curdling. No pep- 

 tonization. 



Potato: No growth. 



Indole not produced (Stoilova, Zent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 99, 1938, 124). 



Acid but no gas (in yeast extract peptone 

 broth) from xylose, glucose, fructose, galac- 

 tose and salicin; slight acid produced by 

 some strains from lactose and sucrose. N^o 

 acid from mannitol or dulcitol. 



Starch not hydrolyzed (carrot starch 

 agar) . 



Nitrites produced from nitrates (Loch- 

 head, Can. Jour. Research, C, 15, 1937, 79). 



Purine bases are necessary for growth 

 (Katznelson and Lochhead, Jour. Bact., 

 55, 1948, 763). 



Thiamine replaces the growth factor in 

 vegetable or yeast extract, etc. (Lochhead, 

 Jour. Bact., 44, 1942, 185). 



Growth, as well as spore-formation, in 

 complex organic media enhanced by treat- 

 ment with activated charcoal or soluble 



