FAMILY XIII. BACILLACEAE 



633 



nose. No acid from xylose or mannitol. With 

 organic basal medium (Proom and Knight), 

 acid from arabinose and xylose. 



Starch hydrolyzed. Crystalline dextrins 

 not produced from starch. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



pH of glucose broth cultures is 5.8 to 6.0. 



Citrate utilization variable. 



Methylene blue reduction variable. 



Nitrites may or may not be produced from 

 nitrates. Usually no gas produced in nitrate 

 broth under anaerobic conditions. 



Urease not produced. 



Pantothenic acid, biotin and thiamine 

 are essential for growth. 



Lecithinase reaction positive though re- 

 stricted. 



Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic. Scant 

 growth in glucose broth under anaerobic 

 conditions, pH 5.4 to 6.4. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 33° and 40° C. Maximum, between 

 45° and 50° C. Slow growth at 28° C. 



Source: Isolated from soils of Southern 

 England. 



Habitat: Probably widely distributed in 

 soil. 



24. Bacillus sphaericus Neide, 1904. 

 (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 12, 1904, 350.) 



sphae'ri.cus. Gr. adj. sphaericus spherical. 



Rods, 0.6 to 1.0 by 1.0 to 7.0 microns, with 

 ends rounded or pointed, occurring singly 

 or in short chains. Motile. Gram-variable, 

 often Gram-negative with Gram-positive 

 granules. 



Spores, 0.7 to 1.2 microns in diameter, 

 round, terminal to subterminal. Spore wall 

 usually thick and easily stained. Remnants 

 of the sporangium often adhere making the 

 surface rough and spiny. Immature spores 

 sometimes ellipsoidal, becoming round. 

 Sporulation variable, best on soybean agar. 



Sporangia, definitely swollen; usually 

 drumstick-shaped. 



Gelatin stab: Growth scant; no liquefac- 

 tion. 



Gelatin agar streak plate: Usually there 

 is a visible zone of hydrolysis. 



Agar colonies: Thin, smooth, translucent, 

 rapidly spreading over entire plate. Varia- 

 tions: Small, round or irregular. 



Giant agar colonies: Usually motile mi- 



cro-colonies of various shapes move in large 

 arcs from the point of inoculation and cover 

 the plate in 1 day (the surface of poured 

 agar plates should be dried by holding at 

 room temperature for 2 or 3 days before use) . 



Agar slants: Growth thin, smooth, trans- 

 lucent, spreading. Variations: Rough, re- 

 stricted, opaque, wrinkled. 



Agar slants at pH 6.0: Growth same as at 

 pH 7.0. 



Glucose agar slants : Same as on agar. 



Glucose nitrate agar slants: Scant, if any, 

 growth. 



Soybean agar slants: Growth heavier and 

 sporulation much better than on agar. 



Broth: Turbidity heavy, uniform to gran- 

 ular. Sometimes a fragile pellicle is formed. 



NaCl broth: Usually there is growth in 

 4 per cent NaCl. No growth in higher con- 

 centrations. 



Milk: No change. 



Milk agar streak plate: Hydrolysis of the 

 casein is variable. 



Potato: Growth thin, soft, spreading, 

 gray, usually becoming brownish with age. 

 ^Indole not produced. 

 — No acid from carbohydrates. 

 ^Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



pH of glucose broth cultures is 7.8 to 8.2. 



Citrates usually not utilized. 



Methylene blue reduced; not reoxidized 

 in 21 days. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. No 

 gas produced in nitrate broth under ana- 

 erobic conditions. 



Urease production variable. 



Usually thiamine and sometimes also 

 biotin are essential for growth. 



Lecithinase not produced. 



Aerobic. No growth in glucose broth under 

 anaerobic conditions. 



A Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 28° and 35° C. Maximum, between 

 40° and 45° C. 



Not pathogenic for guinea pigs. 



Source: Isolated from mud from a pond; 

 also from rotting cypress and oak wood and 

 soil. 



Habitat: Widely distributed in nature. 



25. Bacillus pasteurii (Miquel, 1889) 

 Migula, 1900. {Urobacilhis ■pasteurii Miquel, 



