FAMILY XIII. BACILLACEAE 



643 



tensch., Amsterdam, Tweedie Sectie, Dcel I, 

 1893, 3; Donker, Thesis, Delft, 1926, 149; 

 also see Sjolander and McCoy, Zent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 97, 1937, 314.) 



bu.ty'Ii.cum. M.L. adj. butylicus per- 

 taining to the butyl radical. 



Rods. Large, ovoid spores swelling the 

 cells. Clostridia freely formed. Motile. 

 Granulose-positive in young cultures. 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Glucose agar colonies: Moist, circular to 

 irregular, raised, creamy. 



Milk: Stormy fermentation. 



Xj'lose, glucose, sucrose, lactose, man- 

 nitol, salicin, esculin and maize starch are 

 fermented. Glycerol, amygdalin, pectin, 

 cellulose and Ca-lactate are not fermented. 



Products of glucose fermentation, in addi- 

 tion to acetic and butyric acids, are iso- 

 propyl, butyl and ethyl alcohols and ace- 

 tone. 



Ferments starch of potato mash; maize 

 mash stai'ch not fermented due to inade- 

 quate growth. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though less 

 actively than by Clostridium pastcurinnum 

 Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. 

 Bact., 57, 1949, 413). 



Coagulated albumin: Action not recorded; 

 assumed negative. 



Blood agar: No hemolj^sis. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



3. Clostridium beijerinckii Donker, 

 1926. (Donker, Thesis, Delft, 1926, 145; also 

 see Sjolander and McCoy, Zent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 97, 1937, 314.) 



bei.jer.inck'i.i. M.L. gen. noun beijer- 

 inckii of Beijerinck; named for Prof. M. W. 

 Beijerinck of Delft, Holland. 



Large rods, sometimes occurring in chains. 

 Sporulation free, forming Clostridia; spores 

 measure 1.5 by 2.0 microns. Motile by 

 means of peritrichous flagella. Granulose- 

 positive in young Clostridia. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Glucose agar colonies: Moist, circular to 

 irregular, raised, white to creamy. 



Milk: Stormy fermentation. 



Glucose, fructose, lactose, galactose, 

 maltose, sucrose, xylose, mannitol, sorbitol, 

 inositol, inulin, salicin and esculin are fer- 

 mented. Glycerol, dextrin, glycogen, dulci- 

 tol, amygdalin, starch, pectin, cellulose 

 and Ca-lactate are not fermented. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though less 

 actively than by Clostridium pasteuriarmm 

 Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. 

 Bact., 57, 1949, 413). 



Coagulated albumin: Action not recorded; 

 assumed negative. 



Blood agar: No hemolj-sis. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. 



Distinctive character: Starch not fer- 

 mented. 



Source: Isolated from soil and from fer- 

 menting plant tissues. 



Habitat: Apparently widely distributed 

 in agricultural soils. 



4. Clostridium multifermentans 



Bergey et al., 1923. {Bacillus multiferm.entans 

 ienalbus Stoddard, Lancet, 1, 1919, 12; 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 324.) 



mul.ti.fer. men 'tans. L. adj.multus much, 

 many; L. part. adj. fermentans fermenting; 

 M.L. part. adj. multifermentans many (sug- 

 ars) -fermenting. 



Slender rods, with rounded ends, occur- 

 ring singly or in short chains. Ovoid spores, 

 subterminal or central, are freely formed 

 and swell the cells. Motile, though some- 

 times non-motile forms occur in glucose 

 broth. Granulose-positive (Hill, Jour. Bact., 

 10, 1925, 413). Gram-positive in very young 

 cultures, quickly becoming Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction (Hill, loc. cit.). 



Glucose agar surface colonies: Grayish, 

 opaque, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, raised, with 

 sharp edges and irregular outline. Older 

 colonies white and rubbery mucoid. 



Glucose agar deep colonies: Lenticular, 

 often with horn-like projections. Gas pro- 

 duction common. 



Carbohydrate-free medium: No growth. 



Glucose broth: Heavy, fiocculent growth 

 with extensive gas production. 



Milk: Gas and acid production with coag- 

 ulation; no digestion. 



Indole not produced. 



