644 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glyc- 

 erol, raffinose and salicin fermented. No 

 action on dulcitol or mannitol. Action on 

 inulin variable. 



Starch agar: Strong diastatic action. 



Coagulated albumin: No digestion. 



Blood agar surface colonies; Similar to 

 those on glucose agar; definite hemolytic 

 zone (Stoddard, Lancet, 1, 1919, 12). 



Chopped meat medium: Extensive gas 

 production without change in color or with- 

 out digestion. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Apparently not pathogenic for rabbits 

 except in combination with Clostridium 

 sporogenes. 



Source: Isolated from a human muscle 

 infected with gas gangrene (Stoddard, Lan- 

 cet, 1, 1919, 12), from fermented olives (Gil- 

 illand and Vaughn, Jour. Bact., ^6, 1943, 

 315) and from spoiled chocolate candy (Hill, 

 op. cit., 1925, 413). 



Habitat: Unknown. 



5. Clostridium iodophilum Svartz, 

 1935. {Clostridium butyricum iodophilum 

 Svartz, Jour. Inf. Dis., 47, 1930, 149; Svartz, 

 Acta Med. Scand., Supp., 78, 1935, 434; also 

 see Sjolander and McCoy, Zent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 97, 1937, 314.) 



i.o.do'phi.lum. Or. noun ium the violet; 

 M.L. noun iodinum iodine; Gr. adj. philus 

 loving; M.L. adj. iodophihim iodine-loving. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.8 by 3.0 to 6.0 microns, with 

 rounded ends. Ovoid spores, eccentric to 

 subterminal, swell the cells. Clostridia 

 measure 1.5 by 4.0 microns. Motile. Granu- 

 lose-positive. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Glucose calcium carbonate agar colonies: 

 Lens- or star-shaped, white, small, gummy. 



Glucose blood agar surface colonies: 

 Round or slightly angular, brown to grayish 

 white, shiny. No hemolj^sis. 



Agar slants: Sparse growth. 



Milk: Rapid curdling; stormy fermenta- 

 tion. 



Fructose, galactose, salicin, sucrose, lac- 

 tose, arabinose, glucose, glycerol, esculin, 

 maize starch and pectin are fermented. Dul- 

 citol, cellulose, amygdalin and Ca-lactate 



are not fermented. Fermentation variable 

 for inulin and mannitol. 



Fermentation of glucose yields, in addi- 

 tion to acetic and butyric acids, butyl and 

 ethyl alcohols and acetone but not iso- 

 propyl alcohol. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated albumin : Action not recorded; 

 assumed negative. 



Brain media: No blackening. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Source : Isolated from the feces of man and 

 from fertile soil. 



Habitat : Found in the intestinal tract of 

 man . 



6. Clostridium gummosum Spray, 1947. 

 (Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 15; also see ibid., 55, 

 1948, 841.) 



gum. mo 'sum. L. adj. gummosus full of 

 gum, gummy. 



Rods, 0.8 to 1.0 by 4.0 to 8.0 microns, oc- 

 curring singly and in pairs but not in chains. 

 Sporulation active at 24 to 48 hours; spores 

 are eccentric to chiefly subterminal, large, 

 ovoid to elongate, markedly swelling the 

 cells. Moderately motile, increasing in ac- 

 tivity up to 48 hours. Gram reaction not 

 recorded; implied positive. 



Gelatin (or iron-gelatin) : No liquefaction 

 or blackening at 19 days. 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Large, 

 round, convex, entire, very glistening, mu- 

 coid. 



Agar deep colonies: Large lenticular to 

 buckwheat. White to creamy; very viscid 

 to rubbery mucoid; entire colony dissected 

 from the medium or dragged unbroken by 

 needle through 2 per cent agar (subsurface 

 colonies). 



Milk (with iron-strip) : Slow fermentation, 

 with a stream of fine gas bubbles; coagula- 

 tion at 18 to 20 hours, with the coagulum 

 torn and forced to the surface. No digestion 

 or blackening even upon prolonged incuba- 

 tion. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced in lead 

 acetate agar or peptone iron agar. 



Acid and gas from glucose, maltose, galac- 

 tose and mannitol. Lactose more slowly 



