646 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Brain medium with iron: Moderately 

 blackened. Digestion not recorded. 



Anaerobic. 



Grows well at 37° C. 



Toxicity: Glucose broth culture filtrates 

 kill guinea pigs and rabbits in 24 to 36 hours. 



Pathogenic for guinea pigs and rabbits. 

 Subcutaneous inoculation induces marked 

 edema. Death may occur in from 1 to 9 days. 



Source: Isolated from the feces of new- 

 born infants. 



Habitat: Presumably widely distributed. 



9. Clostridium tyrobiityricuni van 



Beynum and Pette, 1935. (Zent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 93, 1935, 208; also see Bryant and 

 Burkey, Jour. Bact., 71, 1955, 43). 



ty.ro.bu.ty'ri.cum. Gr. noun tyrus 

 cheese; M.L. noun acidum hutyricum butyric 

 acid; M.L. adj. tyrobutyricus (probably in- 

 tended to mean) the butyric acid-producing 

 organism from cheese. 



Large rods, 0.8 to 1.2 by 2.0 to 15.0 mi- 

 crons. Subterminal, ovoid spores swelling 

 the cells. Motile. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Tomato juice agar surface colonies: En- 

 tire, opaque, slightly convex, cream-colored. 



Tomato juice agar deep colonies: Lenticu- 

 lar. 



Milk; No change. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Glucose, calcium lactate, fructose and 

 arabinose are fermented. Sucrose, maltose, 

 starch, inulin, raffinose, salicin, dextrin, 

 mannose, dulcitol, sorbitol and rhamnose 

 are not fermented. Galactose, xylose, lactose, 

 mannitol and glycerol are variably fer- 

 mented. 



Nitrites may or may not he produced 

 from nitrates. 



Coagulated albumin : Action not recorded; 

 assumed negative. 



Anaerobic. 



Distinctive character: Fermentation of 

 lactate. 



Source: Isolated from silage and from 

 cheese. 



Habitat: Decomposing organic matter, 

 so far as known. 



10. Clostridium pasteurianum Wino- 



gradsky, 1895. (Winogradsky, Arch. Sci. 

 Biol. (Russ.), 3, 1895, 330; Clostridium pas- 

 torianum (sic) Winogradsky, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 9, 1902, 43; also see McCoy, Fred, 

 Peterson and Hastings, Jour. Inf. Dis., 46, 

 1930, 118.) 



pas.teu.ri.a'num. M.L. adj. pasteurianus 

 pertaining to Pasteur; named for Louis 

 Pasteur, French chemist and bacteriologist. 



Large rods, 0.9 to 1.7 by 3.5 to 4.7 microns, 

 sometimes occurring in chains. Spores large, 

 1.5 by 2.0 microns, each retained in a char- 

 acteristic "capsule" (a portion of the clos- 

 tridial cell). Motile by means of peritrichous 

 flagella. Granulose-positive. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Beef -peptone -glucose agar surface colo- 

 nies: Round, slightly raised, moist, creamy 

 yellow; granular structure; dense centers; 

 entire edges. 



Beef-peptone-glucose agar deep colonies: 

 Small, woolly, biconvex, dense. 



Milk: Little change. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced in brain 

 mash, with or without iron. 



Glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, arabi- 

 nose, xylose (possibly variable), galactose, 

 mannose, trehalose, raffinose, soluble starch, 

 melezitose, inulin (possibly variable), al- 

 pha-methyl-glucoside, glycerol, inositol, 

 mannitol and sorbitol are fermented. Rham- 

 nose, lactose, maize starch, dextrin, glycogen, 

 amygdalin, salicin, esculin, erythritol, dul- 

 citol, quercitol, pectin, cellulose and cal- 

 cium lactate are not fermented. 



More tolerant of high concentrations of 

 glucose and sucrose than are other butyric- 

 acid-producing species (Spiegelberg, Food 

 Research, 5, 1940, 115). 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Atmospheric nitrogen is fixed. 



Coagulated egg albumin: No digestion. 



Blood agar: No hemolysis. 



Coagulated blood serum: No change in 

 color or texture. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 25° C. 



Distinctive characters: Prolonged reten- 

 tion of the spore within a peculiar, brush- 

 like spore-capsule; starch and lactose not 

 fermented. More active in the assimilation 



