648 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



viscid, light cream-colored to yellow growth 

 with a butylic odor. Medium liquefied 

 slightly, if at all. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in trace 

 amounts, if at all, on lead acetate agar. 



Acid and gas from esculin, trehalose, arab- 

 inose, xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, 

 mannose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, maize 

 starch, soluble starch, inulin, dextrin, gly- 

 cogen, salicin and alpha-methyl -glucoside. 

 Rhamnose, raffinose, melezitose, glycerol, 

 erythritol, mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, ino- 

 sitol and melibiose not attacked. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum fermentation temperature, be- 

 tween 29° and 32° C. 



Optimum pH, between 5.4 and 5.8. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



13. Clostridium inadisonii McCoy, 

 1946. (U. S. Letters Pat., 2,398,837, April 23, 

 1946.) 



mad.i.son'i.i. M.L. gen. noun inadisonii 

 of Madison. 



Short to long rods, 0.5 to 1.0 by 3.0 to 5.8 

 microns, with rounded ends, occurring 

 singly or in short chains. Spores abundant, 

 cylindrical to ellipsoidal, 0.7 to 1.3 by 1.3 

 to 2.4 microns, subterminal to terminal. 

 Sporangia elongated, spindle-shaped. Ac- 

 tively motile in young cultures. Granulose- 

 positive in young cells. Gram-positive, be- 

 coming negative in old cultures. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Molasses-glucose agar colonies: Dark 

 cream, round, entire, viscid, raised to con- 

 vex. 



Molasses-glucose agar slant: Moderate, 

 glistening, confluent growth. 



Litmus milk: Reduced before curdling; 

 moderate gas production; soft acid curd 

 with turbid pink whey, white crystals de- 

 velop in old cultures. No digestion of casein. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide production is positive 

 by strip test when thiosulfate brain mash, 

 sulfite brain mash or oatmeal (5 per cent) 

 mash is used. Negative with other media 

 tried. 



Acid and gas from glucose, mannose, fruc- 



tose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, trehalose, 

 alpha-methyl -glucoside, mannitol, arabi- 

 nose, xylose, galactose, melezitose, soluble 

 starch, maize starch, dextrin, inulin, glyco- 

 gen, esculin, sorbitol, raffinose, salicin, 

 amygdalin and inositol. Rhanmose, glj^c- 

 erol, erythritol, quercitol, dulcitol and 

 cellulose not attacked. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though not 

 as actively as by Clostridium pasteurianum 

 Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. 

 Bact., 57, 1949, 413). 



Blood agar (glucose agar plus 10 per cent 

 defibrinated horse blood): Good growth; 

 no hemolysis, but some surrounding colonies 

 discolored by acid. 



Von Hibler brain (plain or with iron) : 

 Growth with gas production and sporulation 

 but no blackening or digestion. 



Temperature relations: Growth between 

 8° and 42° C. Optimum fermentation, be- 

 tween 29° and 33° C. 



Chemical tolerance: Growth between pH 

 4.3 and 7.6; apparent optimum for fermenta- 

 tion, between pH 5.0 and 6.0, preferably 

 about 5.5. 



Anaerobic. 



Source: Original strain isolated from field 

 soil collected near Madison, Wisconsin. 



Habitat: Probably soil. 



14. Clostridium muelleri McClung and 

 McCoy, comb. nov. {Clostridium granulo- 

 bacter acetobutylicum Miiller, U. S. Letters 

 Pat., 2,195,629, April 2, 1940.) 



muel'le.ri. M.L. gen. noun muelleri of 

 Miiller; named for Miiller, the bacteriologist 

 who first isolated this species. 



Short rods, 0.5 to 1.4 by 3.0 to 10.0 mi- 

 crons, the majority of the cells measuring 

 1.0 by 5.0 microns, with rounded ends, oc- 

 curring in chains. Sporangia spindle-shaped, 

 clavate, 1.0 to 2.3 by 6.0 to 10.0 microns, the 

 majority measuring 1.5 by 8.0 microns; 

 spores terminal to subterminal. Motile. 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Agar surface colonies: Smooth surface, 

 raised to convex, dull luster, round, granular 

 internal structure; good growth. 



Agar + 2 per cent glucose slant: Moderate, 

 slightly spreading, opaque growth with a 



