650 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



agar media due to extensive hydrogen sul- 

 fide production. 



Source: Isolated from canned corn show- 

 ing sulfur stinker spoilage; also occasionally 

 isolated from soil and manure. 



Habitat: Presumably soil, although de- 

 tected with great difficulty. 



17. Clostridium septicum (Mac6, 1888) 

 Ford, 1927. (Vibrion septique, Pasteur and 

 Joubert, Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 

 85, 1877, 113; also see Bull. Acad. Med., 2° 

 Ser., 6, 1877, 794; Vibrio pasteurii Trevisan, 

 Reale 1st. Lombardo d. Sci. e Lett., Rendi- 

 conti, Ser. 2, 12, 1879, 147; Bacillus septicus 

 Mace, Traite Prat. d. Bact., 1st ed., 1888, 

 455; Ford, Textbook of Bact., 1927, 726.) 



sep'ti.cum. Gr. adj. septicus putrefactive, 

 septic. 



Description taken from Weinberg and 

 S6guin (La Gang. Gaz., Paris, 1918, 79) and 

 from Hall (Jour. Inf. Dis., 30, 1922, 486). 



Rods, 0.6 to 0.8 by 3.0 to 8.0 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and 

 in short chains in cultures; long chains and 

 filaments commonly predominate in body 

 exudates. Spores ovoid, eccentric to sub- 

 terminal, swelling the cells. Motile by means 

 of peritrichous fiagella. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction with gas bubbles. 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Small, 

 transparent, variable in shape. 



Agar deep colonies: Variable; usually 

 finely filamentous, cottony, spherical. 



Egg yolk agar surface colonies : Irregular, 

 fiat, moist, somewhat roughened, colorless, 

 without precipitate or luster, often having 

 a tendency to spread. 



Broth: Slight, diffuse turbidity, with 

 clearing. 



Litmus milk: Litmus reduced; slow coagu- 

 lation and moderate gas production. Clot 

 not digested. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, galac- 

 tose, maltose, lactose and salicin. Sucrose, 

 inulin, mannitol and glycerol not fermented 

 (Hall, ibid., 489). 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. 



Blood agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 

 Delicate, flat, leaf-like, irregular. Hemol- 

 ytic. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Brain medium: No blackening or diges- 

 tion. 



Meat medium: Reddened; no blackening 

 or digestion. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, about 37° C. 



An exotoxin is produced which is lethal 

 and hemolytic (van Heyningen, Bacterial 

 Toxins, C. C Thomas, Springfield, 1950, 43). 



Pathogenic for guinea pigs, rabbits, mice 

 and pigeons. 



Source: Originally isolated from animals 

 inoculated with soil; later from malignant 

 edema of animals, from human war wounds 

 and from cases of appendicitis. 



Habitat: Found in animal intestines and 

 in manured soils. 



18. Clostridium chauvoei (Arloing et 

 al., 1887) Holland, 1920. (Bacterium chauvoei 

 Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas, Le charbon 

 symptomatique du boeuf, Paris, 2nd ed., 

 1887, 82; Clostridium chauvei (sic) Holland, 

 Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 217.) 



chau.voe'i. M.L. gen. noun chauvoei of 

 Chauveau; named for J. B. A. Chauveau, a 

 French scientist. 



Rods, 1.0 by 3.0 to 8.0 microns, occurring 

 singly, in pairs and in short chains. Usually 

 show a dark chromatic point near each end. 

 Spores ovoid, eccentric to subterminal, 

 swelling the cells. Motile by means of pe- 

 ritrichous fiagella. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction with gas bubbles. 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic): Small, 

 grayish, semi-opaque, filamentous. 



Agar slant (anaerobic) : Grayish, spread- 

 ing growth. 



Egg yolk agar surface colonies: Circular 

 to slightly irregular, moist, relatively 

 smooth to somewhat roughened, colorless; 

 no precipitate or luster. 



Broth: Turbid; slightly peptolytic. 



Litmus milk: Acid; slowly coagulated. 

 Gas may be produced. Clot not digested. 



Indole not produced (early studies record 

 only a trace). 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, galac- 

 tose, maltose, lactose and sucrose. Inulin, 

 salicin, mannitol, glycerol and dextrin not 

 fermented (Hall, Jour. Inf. Dis., 30, 1922, 



