FAMILY XIII. BACILLACEAE 



651 



Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Brain medium: No blackening or diges- 

 tion. 



Egg-meat medium: Small gas bubbles in 

 8 hours. Meat becomes pinkish and the 

 liquid slightly turbid. No blackening or 

 digestion. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. Growth 

 occurs at 50° C. 



An exotoxin is produced. 



Pathogenic for guinea pigs, mice and 

 rabbits. Also pathogenic for hamsters (Ryff 

 and Lee, Science, 101, 1945, 361). 



Source : The cause of black leg, black quar- 

 ter or sj'mptomatic anthrax in cattle and 

 other animals. 



Habitat: Probably soil, especially where 

 heavily manured. 



19. Clostridium nauseum Spray, 1947. 

 (Jour. Bact., 54, 1947, 15; also see ibid., 55, 

 1948, 839.) 



nau'se.um. Or. noun nausea sea sickness; 

 M.L. adj. nauseus nauseous, sickening. 



Rods, 0.8 to 1.1 by 6.0 to 12.0 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and 

 in short chains of 4 to 6 cells. Spores ellip- 

 soidal to elongate, subterminal, distinctly 

 swelling the cells, often becoming appar- 

 ently terminal at maturation. Actively 

 motile, especially in young cultures in semi- 

 solid medium, by means of numerous pe- 

 ritrichous flagella. Gram-positive in early 

 vegetative stage, but Gram-negative at 

 sporulation. 



Gelatin (or iron-gelatin) : Very slow lique- 

 faction; softened at 14 days; complete lique- 

 faction at 30 days; not blackened even in 

 the presence of an iron strip. 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Mi- 

 nute, transparent, flat, slightly lobate. 



Agar deep colonies: Minute, lenticular, 

 entire, whitish to creamy. 



Milk (with iron strip) : Solidly coagulated 

 at 4 to 5 days; clot shrinks slowly, but with- 

 out gas, blackening or digestion. Evidently 

 a rennet curdling, since the whe}^ reaction 

 is neutral to litmus. 



Indole production is questionable; if posi- 

 tive, it is obscured by an abundance of ska- 

 tole. Mercaptan is produced together with 



other aromatic, putrid, nitrogenous com- 

 pounds not yet identified. 



Lead acetate agar or peptone iron agar 

 (Difco) : Blackened in 24 hours. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose and 

 maltose. Sucrose, lactose, inulin, mannitol, 

 sorbitol, glycerol and inositol are not at- 

 tacked. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. 



Blood agar: No hemolysis. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Brain medium (Hibler) : Blackened but 

 not visibly digested. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature not determined, 

 but grows well at both 37° C. and at room 

 temperature. 



Not pathogenic for white mice, guinea 

 pigs or rabbits. 



Distinctive character: Extremely nau- 

 seous, fecal odor, due apparently to some 

 presently unidentified aromatic nitrogenous 

 compound. 



Source: Isolated three times from soil. 



Habitat: Presumably from soil. 



20. Clostvitlium liaemolyticum (Hall, 

 1929) Hauduroy et al., 1937. (Clostridium 

 hemolylicus bovis (sic) Vawter and Records, 

 Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 68 (N.S. 21), 

 1925-26, 512; Bacillus hemolylicus (sic) Hall, 

 Jour. Inf. Dis., 45, 1929, 156; Clostridium 

 hemolyticum (sic) Hauduroy et al., Diet. d. 

 Bact. Path., 1937, 125.) 



hae.mo.ly'ti.cum. Gr. noun haema blood; 

 Gr. adj. lyticus dissolving; M.L. adj. haemo- 

 lyticus blood-dissolving. 



Rods, 1.0 to 1.3 by 3.0 to 5.6 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs 

 and in short chains. Spores ovoid to elon- 

 gate, subterminal, swelling the cells. Motile 

 by means of long, peritrichous flagella. 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Agar deep colonies: At first lenticular, 

 becoming densely woolly masses with short, 

 peripheral filaments. Little or no gas pro- 

 duced. 



Egg 3'olk agar surface colonies: Puncti- 

 form, surrounded by a wide area of precipi- 

 tation (McClung and Toabe, Jour. Bact., 

 53, 1947, 139). 



