656 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



of cells. Meat reddened but not softened. 

 Butyric odor. 



Milk (plain): Unchanged. 



Iron milk (Spray) : Clotted and pepto- 

 nized. 



Indole production slight, if at all. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in bismuth 

 carbonate agar. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, fructose, 

 maltose, inositol and galactose. Arabinose, 

 xjdose, rhamnose, trehalose, rafiinose, inu- 

 lin, glycogen, erythritol, adonitol, mannitol, 

 dulcitol, sorbitol, amygdalin and salicin 

 not fermented. Results with different base 

 media vary with lactose, sucrose and dex- 

 trin. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated serum: No clearing. 



Coagulated egg albumin: Cleared but not 

 dissolved. 



Brain medium with iron: No blackening. 



Strictly anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Exotoxin produced in beef heart mash 

 which is toxic by injection or feeding. Toxin 

 neutralized by type D antitoxin but not by 

 types A, B, C or E. Mice, guinea pigs and 

 rabbits are susceptible to toxin on injection 

 or feeding. Monkeys are susceptible on in- 

 jection but are resistant to feeding, Chick- 

 ens not susceptible on injection. Non-toxic 

 substrains are frequently encountered. 



Source: Isolated from South African 

 "Lamziekte" of cattle and from Australian 

 soil. 



Habitat: Probably soil. 



22c. Clostridium boiulinum Type E, Gun- 

 nison et al., 1936. (Gunnison, Cummings 

 and Meyer, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and Med., 

 85, 1936, 278.) 



Description taken from Gunnison, Cum- 

 mings and Meyer (loc. cit.), Hazen (Proc. 

 Soc. Exp. Biol, and Med., 50, 1942, 112), 

 Dolman and Kerr (Canad. Jour. Pub. 

 Health, 38, 1947, 48) and Dolman, Chang, 

 Kerr and Shearer (Canad. Jour. Pub. 

 Health, 4/, 1950,215). 



Rods, 4.0 to 6.0 microns in length, with 

 rounded ends, often vacuolated. Spores 

 large, ovoid, subterminal, very slightly 

 swelling the cells. Motile. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction (probably slowly 

 and not completely). 



Peptone beef infusion broth with ground 

 meat: Slightly turbid, clearing on continued 

 incubation; gas production marked in young 

 cultures; meat not digested. 



Milk : No change or slightly acid without 

 action on casein. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose, su- 

 crose, maltose, adonitol, sorbitol and inosi- 

 tol. Lactose, raffinose, rhamnose, galactose, 

 mannitol, inulin and dulcitol are not fer- 

 mented. Reports vary on arabinose, xylose, 

 glycerol, salicin and dextrin. 



Coagulated egg medium: No digestion. 



Coagulated serum: No digestion on origi- 

 nal isolation. 



Human or sheep blood agar surface colo- 

 nies: Small, flat, translucent, faintly gray, 

 with smooth or irregular edges. Sometimes 

 with slightly raised centers. Tendency to 

 form film on moist agar. Reports on hemoly- 

 sis vary. 



Brain medium: No blackening or diges- 

 tion. 



Strictly anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, probably between 

 25° and 30° C. 



Produces an exotoxin potent by injection 

 or feeding. Toxin neutralized by type E anti- 

 toxin but not by tj^pes A, B, C or D. Mice, 

 guinea pigs, rabbits and kittens susceptible 

 on injection. Susceptibility of chickens 

 varies with the strain. 



Source: Isolated from Russian sturgeon, 

 German canned sprats. Nova Scotian 

 smoked salmon, canned California mush- 

 rooms, Canadian canned salmon, canned 

 salmon eggs, Canadian pickled herring, 

 canned chicken, soil contaminated with 

 chicken feces, mud and sand. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



23. Clostridium limosum Prevot, 1948. 

 (Ann. Inst. Past., 74, 1948, 165.) 



li.mo'sum. L. adj. litnosus full of mud or 

 slime, slimy; (probably intended to mean) 

 from mud. 



Rods, 0.7 by 3.0 microns, with rounded 

 ends, occurring singly, in pairs and occasion- 

 ally in short chains. Spores subterminal, 

 clostridial. Motile. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



