FAMILY XIII. BACILLACEAE 



657 



Agar deep colonies: Lenticular, small. 



Milk: Digested in four days. 



VF glucose broth: Abundantly turbid; 

 sediment; weakly acid. 



Indole and skatole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in small 

 amounts. 



Glucose and galactose weakly fermented. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated proteins: Not attacked. 



Strictly anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Not pathogenic for guinea pigs. 



Source: Isolated from mud from an Afri- 

 can lagoon. 



Habitat: Presumably soil. 



24. Clostridium acetobutylicuni ISIc- 

 Coy et al., 1926. (McCoy, Fred, Peterson and 

 Hastings, Jour. Inf. Dis., 39, 1926, 483; also 

 see ibid., 46, 1930, 118.) 



a.ce.to.bu.ty'li.cum. L. noun acetum 

 vinegar; Gr. noun hutyrum butter; M.L. 

 adj. butylicum butjdic, having the butyl 

 radical, as in butyl alcohol; M.L. adj. aceto- 

 butylicus acetic acid and butyl alcohol (-pro- 

 ducing). 



Straight rods, with rounded ends, occur- 

 ring singly and in pairs but not in chains. 

 The vegetative cells measure 0.6 to 0.72 by 

 2.6 to 4.7 microns, the Clostridia, 1.3 to 1.6 

 by 4.7 to 5.5 microns. Spores ovoid, eccentric 

 to subterminal, swelling the cells to Clos- 

 tridia. Not encapsulated. Motile by means 

 of peritrichous fiagella. Granulose-positive 

 in clostridial stage. Gram-positive, becom- 

 ing Gram-negative. 



Glucose-gelatin : Liquefaction. 



Glucose agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 

 Compact, raised, fairlj^ regular. 



Glucose agar deep colonies: Compact, 

 typically lenticular and smooth. Agar frag- 

 mented early by abundant gas. 



Pigmentation: None. Colonies creamy 

 white, opaque. 



Plain broth: No growth. 



Glucose broth: Abundantly and uniformly 

 turbid; much gas produced. 



Litmus milk: Acid and active, often 

 stormy, coagulation. Litmus reduced. Clot 

 fragmented by gas but not visibly digested. 

 Proteolysis demonstrable, however, on 

 milk agar. 



Potato: Creamy yellow growth. Potato 

 digested to a yellow slime. 



Maize mash: Much gas with butj-lic odor. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced from thio- 

 sulfate or sulfite; generally negative from 

 proteinaceous sources. 



Acid and gas from arabinose, xylose, 

 rhamnose, glucose, galactose, mannose, 

 fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, 

 melezitose, starch, dextrin, inulin, glj-cogen, 

 d-mannitol, alpha-methyl-glucoside and 

 salicin. Esculin, amygdalin and trehalose 

 are weakly fermented. Melibiose, dulcitol, 

 d-arabitol, perseitol, lactositol, sorbitol, 

 erythritol, adonitol, inositol, quercitol, 

 glycerol, pectin and cellulose are not fer- 

 mented. 



Fermentation products include acetone, 

 butyl and ethyl alcohols, butyric and acetic 

 acids, H2 and CO2 . 



Acetylmethylcarbinol produced from 

 many carbohydrates. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Ni- 

 trites reduced to ammonia. 



Atmospheric nitrogen is fixed, though less 

 actively than by Clostridium pasteurianum 

 Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. 

 Bact., 57, 1949, 413). 



Coagulated albumin cubes: Softened and 

 browned by slow digestion. 



Blood agar: No hemolysis. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Brain medium: No blackening or diges- 

 tion. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, probably about 

 37° C. Grows between 20° and 47° C. 



Not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. 



Source: Isolated from maize, molasses, 

 potatoes and garden soil. 



Habitat: Widely, but apparently sparsely, 

 dispersed in agricultural soils. 



25. Clostridium laniganii McClung and 

 McCoy, nom. nov. (Tj^pe II of retting Clos- 

 tridia, Lanigan, Austral. Jour. Sci. Re- 

 search, Ser. B, Biol. Sci., 4, 1951, 474.) 



la.ni.gan'i.i. M.L. gen. noun laniganii of 

 Lanigan; named for Lanigan, the first to 

 isolate this species. 



Medium-sized rods with markedly incom- 

 plete fission at 24 hours; by 48 hours the 



