662 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Not pathogenic for guinea pigs on subcu- 

 taneous inoculation (Cunningham, op. cit., 

 1931, 12). 



Source: Originally isolated by Cunning- 

 ham as a dissociant from a culture of Bacil- 

 lus saccharobutyricus von Klecki. Later iso- 

 lated by MacLennan, 1 strain from a culture 

 of Clostridium sporogenes and 2 strains from 

 street dust. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



32. Clostridium subterminale (Hall 

 and Whitehead, 1927) Spray, 1948. {Bacillus 

 subterminalis Hall and Whitehead, Jour. Inf. 

 Dis., 41, 1927, 66; Spray, in Manual, 6th ed., 

 1948, 786.) 



sub.ter.mi.na'le. L. pref. sub under; L. 

 adj. terminalis terminal; M.L. adj. subter- 

 minalis near the end or tip, subterminal. 



Rods occurring singly, in pairs and rarely 

 in short chains. Spores ovoid, subterminal, 

 swelling the cells. Motile. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Slow liquefaction with slight 

 turbidity and black sediment. 



Agar deep colonies: Opaque, compact, 

 biconvex or lobate discs. 



Agar slant (anaerobic) : No surface 

 growth. 



Glucose broth: Turbid; no acid or gas 

 produced. 



Milk: Slowly coagulated (2 to 3 days), 

 with mild acidity and gas. Slow but com- 

 plete digestion of casein (8 to 18 days). 



Indole not produced. 



Glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose and 

 lactose not fermented. 



Blood agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 

 Delicate. At first mildly, later actively, 

 hemolytic. 



Brain medium: Slightly turbid in super- 

 natant fluid. Slight gas production and slow 

 digestion. 



Iron brain medium: Blackening in 2 to 3 

 days. 



Tyrosine crystals not observable. 



Anaerobic. 



Grows well at 37° C. 



Not pathogenic for guinea pigs on sub- 

 cutaneous injection. 



Source: Isolated from an African arrow- 

 head. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



33. Clostridium lactoacetophilum 



Bhat and Barker, 1947. (Jour. Bact., 54, 

 1947, 384.) 



lac.to.a.ce.to'phi.lum. L. noun lactosum 

 lactose; L. noun acidum aceticum acetic acid; 

 Gr. adj. philus loving; M.L. adj. lactoaceto- 

 philus loving a combination of lactate and 

 acetate. 



Rods, 0.7 to 0.9 by 3.0 to 8.0 microns, oc- 

 curring singly, in pairs and occasionally 

 in short chains. Spores ovoid, 1.1 by 1.5 mi- 

 crons, subterminal, swelling the cells. Not 

 encapsulated. Motile by means of peritri- 

 chous flagella. Gram-positive, becoming 

 Gram-negative. 



Colonies: Generally compact, fluffy, dark 

 gray spheres composed of filamentous out- 

 growths; coarsely lobed, rough-edged, even- 

 tually reaching a diameter of 1 to 2 mm. 

 Colonies rubbery mucoid. 



Iron-milk: Slightly acidified without clot- 

 ting; little gas produced. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in slight 

 amounts. 



Glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, 

 xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, lactose, su- 

 crose, maltose, trehalose, raffinose, dextrin, 

 glycogen, starch, xylan, mannitol, inositol, 

 inulin, sorbitol and dulcitol are readily fer- 

 mented (yeast autolysate basal medium). 

 Glycerol and lactate not attacked in basal 

 medium unless 0.8 per cent sodium acetate 

 is added. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though not 

 as actively as by Clostridium pasieurianum 

 Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. 

 Bact., 57, 1949, 413). 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, approximately 

 39° C; growth range, 16° to 46° C. 



Chemical tolerance: Optimum pH, be- 

 tween 6.2 and 7.4; pH range, 5.6 to 8.4. 



Distinctive character: Ferments lactate, 

 producing butyric acid. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



34. Clostridium kaneboi Nakahama 

 and Harada, 1949. (Jour. Agr. Chem. Soc. 

 Japan, 23, 1949, 178.) 



