FAMILY XIII. BACILLACEAE 



671 



oxygen. Rough and smooth colonies are pro- 

 duced. 



Agar deep colonies (yeast autolysate and 

 C2H5OH) : Small, 1 to 3 mm in diameter after 

 2 to 3 days ; two types are formed : a) fluffy 

 spheres with dense nuclear centers and fila- 

 mentous peripheries; b) compact, lenticular 

 colonies. Little gas is produced. 



Plain broth: Xo growth. 



Glucose broth: Xo growth. 



Milk or iron-milk (Spray) : Xo growth. 



Indole production not recorded (probably 

 negative). 



Ethanol is converted to caproic acid. 



Glucose and other carbohydrates not fer- 

 mented. 



Cellulose not fermented. 



X'itrite production not recorded (probably 

 negative) . 



Atmospheric nitrogen fixed, though less 

 actively than by Clostridium -pasteurianum 

 Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. 

 Bact.,57, 1949,413). 



Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. 



Blood serum: X"o liquefaction. 



Brain medium: No digestion or blacken- 

 ing. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, about 34° C. 

 Grows between 19° and 37° C. 



Chemical tolerance: Optimum pH, about 

 6.8. Range for growth, pH 6.0 to 7.5. 



Probably not pathogenic. 



Distinctive characters: Large size of cells 

 and slow growth, accompanied by non- 

 putrefactive odor of caproic acid and of 

 higher alcohols. Growth is exceptionally 

 favored by synergistic association with 

 Methanohacterium omelianskii Barker. In 

 pure culture a high concentration of yeast 

 autolysate is required. Caproic acid is pro- 

 duced from ethanol. 



Source: Isolated from black mud of fresh 

 water and of marine origin. 



Habitat: Not determined. Presumably 

 widely dispersed in nature. 



52. Clostridium acidiurici (Liebert, 

 1909) Barker, 1938. {Bacillus acidi urici 

 Liebert, Koninkl. Akad. v. Wetensch., Proc. 

 Sect. Sci., Amsterdam, 12, 1909, 55; Barker, 

 Jour. Bact.,3e, 1938,323.) 



a.ci.di.u'ri.ci. L. adj. acidus sour; M. L. 

 noun acidum acid; Gr. noun urum urine; 

 M.L. adj. uricus pertaining to urine; M.L. 

 acidum uricum uric acid; M.L. gen. noun 

 acidiurici of uric acid. 



Straight rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 2.5 to 4.0 mi- 

 crons. Spores ovoid, 0.9 by 1.1 microns, 

 terminal, swelling the cells. Motile by means 

 of peritrichous flagella. Most strains are 

 Gram-negative; a few strains are weakly 

 Gram-positive, quickly becoming Gram- 

 negative. 



Iron-gelatin (Spray): No growth. 



Plain deep agar: No growth. 



Uric acid agar surface colonies (anaero- 

 bic) : Variable with the strain and with the 

 moisture of the medium. Colonies, 1 to 2 mm 

 in diameter, opaque, white, raised, round, 

 smooth edged, with concentric surface 

 markings and of rubbery consistency. Other 

 colonies may be very thin, soft, transparent, 

 with fimbriate projections, spreading to 

 cover almost the entire plate. Intermediate 

 colony tj^pes also observed. 



Uric acid agar deep colonies: Whitish, 

 compact, lobate, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, with 

 irregular edge; surrounded by a temporary 

 zone of precipitated ammonium ureate 

 which gradually disappears. 



Yeast autolysate tryptone glucose semi- 

 solid agar: No growth (Barker and Beck, 

 Jour. Bact.,4S, 1942,291). 



Plain broth: No growth. 



Glucose broth: No growth. 



Iron-milk (Spray) : N^o growth. 



Indole production not recorded (prob- 

 ably negative). 



Glucose and other carbohydrates not 

 fermented. 



Cellulose not fermented. 



Nitrite production not recorded (prob- 

 ably negative). 



Atmospheric nitrogen not fixed (Rosen- 

 blum and Wilson, Jour. Bact., 57, 1949, 413). 



Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Brain medium: No digestion or blacken- 

 ing. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, about 35° C. 



Optimum reaction, about pH 7.5; lower 

 limit for growth, about pH 6.5. 



