672 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Probably not pathogenic. 



Distinctive characters : Requires uric acid 

 or certain other purines as a primary source 

 of carbon and energy. The purines are con- 

 verted mainly into ammonia, CO2 and acetic 

 acid. During growth the medium tends to 

 become alkaline (pH 8.0 to 8.5) ; there is no 

 visible evolution of gas. 



Source: Isolated from soils and muds of 

 diverse origin. 



Habitat: Evidently widely dispersed in 

 soils. Present in fecal material of the yellow- 

 shafted flicker (Colaptes auratus) . 



53. Clostridium capitovale (Snyder 

 and Hall, 1935) Snyder, 1936. {Bacillus 

 capitovalis Snyder and Hall, Zent. f. Bakt., 

 I Abt., Orig., 135, 1935, 290; Clostridium 

 capitovalis (sic) Snyder, Jour. Bact., 32, 

 1936, 401.) 



ca.pi.to.va'le. L. noun caput, capitis 

 head; M.L. adj. ovalis oval; M.L. adj. capi- 

 tovalis with an oval head. 



Slender, commonly curved rods, 0.5 to 

 0.8 by 2.0 to 2.5 microns, with rounded ends, 

 ocurring singly, in pairs and rarely in short 

 chains. Spores ovoid, terminal, swelling the 

 cells. Motile by means of long, peritrichous 

 flagella. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Agar deep colonies: Small, opaque, len- 

 ticular to heart-shaped. 



Egg yolk agar surface colonies : Vary from 

 circular to somewhat irregular, moist to 

 only slightly so, smooth to somewhat 

 roughened, somewhat flattened with no 

 precipitate or luster. 



Blood agar surface colonies (anaerobic): 

 Tiny, transparent, round or irregular dew- 

 drops, becoming opaque. No hemolysis. 



Tryptone broth: Turbid. Gas is produced. 



Milk: Often but not invariably clotted. 

 Acid is produced. Clot, when formed, is not 

 digested. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose, fructose and 

 galactose. Maltose, lactose, sucrose, raffi- 

 nose, xylose, inulin, dextrin, starch, cellu- 

 lose, amygdalin, salicin, mannitol and 

 glycerol not fermented. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 

 Nitrates reduced (Reed, Jour. Bact., 44, 

 1942, 425). 



Coagulated albumin: Liquefaction. 



Blood serum: Slowly softened and par- 

 tially liquefied. No blackening. Mildly 

 proteolytic. 



Brain medium: Blackening; slightly soft- 

 ened but not conspicuously liquefied. 



Anaerobic. 



Grows at 37° C. 



Pathogenic for guinea pigs, which may 

 show slight, subcutaneous edema; usually 

 no effect. Not pathogenic for rabbits. 



Source: Isolated from human feces, cases 

 of gaseous gangrene and septicemia. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



54. Clostridium cadaveris (Klein, 1899) 

 McClung and McCoy, comb. nov. {Bacillus 

 cadaveris sporogenes {anaerohicus) Klein, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 25, 1899, 279; Bacillus 

 cadaveris Klein, ibid., 280; not Bacillus 

 cadaveris Sternberg, Researches relating to 

 the etiology and prevention of yellow fever, 

 Washington, 1891, 212; Bacillus cadaveris 

 sporogenes Klein, op. cit., 1899, 282; Plec- 

 tridium cadaveris Pr^vot, Ann. Inst. Past., 

 61, 1938, 88; also see Saissac and Andre, 

 Ann. Inst. Past., 73, 1947, 936.) 



ca.dav'er.is. L. noun cadaver the dead 

 body of man or other animals, cadaver; L. 

 gen. noun cadaveris of a cadaver. 



Straight or curved rods, 0.4 to 0.5 by 4.0 

 to 5.0 microns, generally occurring singly. 

 Spores terminal and ovoid, swelling the 

 cells. Motile. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin : Liquefaction in 4 days. 



Agar deep colonies: Lenticular, later 

 woolly, centers becoming brownish. Abund- 

 ant gas is produced. 



Peptone broth: Turbid; black deposit. 



Glucose broth: Turbid; non-viscous sedi- 

 ment; fetid odor, with hydrogen sulfide. 



Milk: Partially coagulated, later partially 

 digested. 



Indole produced; skatole not produced. 



Glucose actively fermented. Fructose and 

 sucrose slightly fermented. Arabinose, 

 galactose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, glyc- 

 erol and starch not attacked. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated serum, egg, fibrin, liver and 

 brain: Digestion begins in four to five days. 



Anaerobic. 



