676 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



L-arabinose, d-xylose, glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, mannose, maltose, lactose, su- 

 crose, trehalose, cellobiose, alpha-methyl- 

 glucoside, esculin, amygdalin, salicin, 

 mannitol, sorbitol, dextrin, glycogen and 

 potato starch are fermented. RafEnose, 

 melibiose, adonitol, erythritol, glycerol, 

 inositol, cellulose and pectin not fermented. 

 Rhamnose and dulcitol may or may not be 

 fermented. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Sodium sulfate and sulfite not reduced. 



Egg albumin: No growth. 



Beef heart infusion: No growth. 



Brain medium: Slow growth; slight gas 

 production; no blackening nor digestion. 



Blood agar: No growth. 



Anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 55° and 60° C. Grows between 37° and 

 67° C. 



Optimum pH, between 6.2 and 7.2. 



Distinctive character: Differentiated 

 from Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Mc- 

 Clung by the fermentation of tartrate. 



Source: Isolated from crude tartrates, 

 grape pomace and other industrial samples 

 containing crude tartrate; also isolated 

 from vineyard soils. 



Habitat: Found in soil and in natural 

 substances containing tartrate. 



62. Clostridium sporosphaeroides So- 

 riano and Soriano, 1948. (Rev. Asoc. Ar- 

 gentina Dietol., 6, 1948, 36.) 



spo.ro. sphae.ro 'i.des. Gr. noun sporus 

 seed; M.L. noun spora spore; Gr. adj. 

 sphaeroides globular; M.L. adj. sporosphae- 

 roides spheroidal-spored. 



Rods, 0.6 to 0.7 by 5.0 to 8.0 microns. 

 Sporulation after 48 hours, forming plec- 

 tridia with a terminal spore that is spherical 

 and about 0.7 to 0.9 micron in diameter. 

 Motile. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Yeast autolysate glucose agar colonies: 

 Lenticular with smooth edges. 



Milk: At the beginning there is very little 

 production of gas with no apparent change 

 in the medium. After one week, partial 

 coagulation commences, forming then a soft 

 clot with a small amount of gas. 



Meat broth with meat: Slightly turbid; 



gas is produced. After several days a very 

 scant sediment forms, and there is fairly 

 good sporulation. 



Heart broth: Good growth with good 

 sporulation and good production of gas. In 

 several days the medium turns viscous. 



Liver broth: Good growth but little 

 sporulation. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Glucose, fructose, arabinose, .xylose, 

 galactose, mannose, rhamnose, sucrose, 

 maltose, lactose, glycerol, mannitol, dul- 

 citol, salicin, inulin, dextrin and starch 

 not fermented. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated egg albumin: Not attacked. 



Brain medium: Good growth with good 

 production of gas. In brain medium with 

 iron filings added, there is no blackening. 



Von Hibler's medium: Good growth, but 

 the culture medium is not blackened. 



Anaerobic. 



Not pathogenic upon inoculation into a 

 small rat. 



Source: Isolated from a tin of spoiled 

 sardines. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



63. Clostridium tetani (Fliigge, 1886) 

 Holland, 1920. (Tetanusbacillen and Teta- 

 nuserreger, Nicolaier, Deutsch. med. 

 Wochnschr., 10, 1884, 843; Bacillus tetani 

 Fliigge, Die Mikroorganismen, 2 Aufl., 1886, 

 274; Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 220.) 



te'ta.ni. Gr. noun tetanus tetanus; M.L. 

 gen. noun tetani of tetanus. 



Rods, 0.4 to 0.6 by 4.0 to 8.0 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs 

 and often in long chains and filaments. 

 Spores spherical, terminal, swelling the 

 cells. Motile by means of peritrichous 

 flagella. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Slow liquefaction and blacken- 

 ing. 



Agar deep colonies: Fluffy, cottony 

 spheres, usually without visible, central 

 nucleus. 



Egg 3'olk agar surface colonies : Irregular, 

 somewhat drj', somewhat roughened, with- 

 out precipitate or luster. 



Serum agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 



