678 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



swelling the cells. Motile by means of peri- 

 trichous flagella. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. Gelatin is 

 liquefied (Hall, Jour. Inf. Dis., 30, 1922, 

 501). 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic): Small, 

 flat, irregularly circular, translucent, cre- 

 nated. 



Agar deep colonies: Small, opaque, irregu- 

 lar; not woolly or branched. 



Agar slant (anaerobic) : Grayish, translu- 

 cent growth. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged or occasionally 

 slight reduction of litmus. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid and gas from glucose and maltose. 

 Fructose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, sali- 

 cin, inulin, mannitol and glycerol not fer- 

 mented. 



Nitrates rapidly reduced; nitrites absent 

 (Reed, Jour. Bact., U, 1942, 425). 



Atmospheric nitrogen is fi.xed, though not 

 as actively as by Clostridium pasteurianum 

 Winogradsky (Rosenblum and Wilson, Jour. 

 Bact., 57, 1949, 413). 



Coagulated albumin: No liquefaction. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Brain medium: No blackening or diges- 

 tion. 



Egg-meat medium: Slight gas production 

 in 48 hours. White crystals are deposited. 



Anaerobic. 



Grows at 30° and at 37° C. 



Not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. 



Source: Isolated from war wounds and 

 from soil. 



Habitat: Not determined. Probably 

 rather common in soil. 



66. Clostridium putrefaciens (Mc- 

 Bryde, 1911) Sturges and Drake, 1927. 

 (Bacillus putrefaciens McBryde, U.S.D.A., 

 Bur. An. Ind., Bull. 132, 1911, 6; Sturges and 

 Drake, Jour. Bact., U, 1927, 175.) 



pu.tre.fa'ci.ens. L. part. adj. putrefaciens 

 putrefying. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 3.0 to 15.0 microns, with 

 rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs and 

 in chains and filaments. Spores spherical, 

 terminal, swelling the cells. Non-motile. 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : Small, 

 filamentous. 



Agar slant (anaerobic) : Scanty, white, 

 beaded, glistening growth. 



Broth: Moderately turbid; heavy, floccu- 

 lent sediment. 



Litmus milk: Rennet coagulation; pep- 

 tonized. Litmus reduced. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced in slight 

 amounts. 



Acid and gas from glucose. Lactose, su- 

 crose, maltose and starch not fermented. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated albumin: Liquefaction. 



Blood serum: Liquefaction. 



Brain medium: Blackening and slow di- 

 gestion. 



Minced pork medium: Slight disintegra- 

 tion; sour, putrefactive odor. 



Anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 

 tween 20° and 25° C. Slow growth at 0° C; 

 no visible growth at 37° C. 



Not pathogenic. 



Source: Isolated from muscle tissues of 

 hogs at slaughter. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



67. Clostridium thermoaceticum Fon- 

 taine et al., 1942. (Fontaine, Peterson, 

 McCoy, Johnson and Ritter, Jour. Bact., 



43, 1942, 705.) 



ther.mo.a.ce'ti.cum. Gr. adj. thermus 

 hot; M.L. noun acidurn aceticum acetic acid; 

 M.L. adj. thermoaceticus (probably intended 

 to mean) producing acetic acid under ther- 

 mophilic conditions. 



Rods, 0.4 by 2.8 microns. Spores terminal, 

 very nearly round, slightly swelling the cell. 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Circular, smooth, opaque. 



Litmus milk: Slight reduction of litmus. 



Glucose, fructose and xylose are readily 

 fermented. Lesser fermentation of galac- 

 tose, mannose, d-arabinose, d-lactic acid, 

 gluconic acid and esculin. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated egg albumin: Not attacked. 



Brain medium: Not attacked. 



Anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, be- 



