680 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



colored pigment which is soluble in alcohol 

 but not in water, ether or chloroform. 



Source: Isolated from potato. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



70. Clostridium saturnirubrum Pre- 



vot, 1946. (Clostridium saturni-rubrum (sic) 

 Prevot, Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 

 2£3, 1946, 1037.) 



sa.tur.ni.rub'rum. L. noun Saturnus the 

 planet Saturn; L. adj. ruber red; M.L. adj. 

 saturniruber Saturn-red, a color in the uni- 

 versal color code. 



Straight rods, 0.8 by 4.0 to 5.0 microns, 

 with rounded ends, occurring singly, in pairs 

 or in chains. Spores very rare, subterminal, 

 ovoid, clostridial. Weakly motile. Granu- 

 lose-positive. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



VF glucose agar deep colonies (26° C.) : 

 Irregular with woolly outline, rapidly be- 

 coming yellow then turning red (Saturn- 

 red according to the universal color code) ; 

 abundant gas production splitting the agar. 

 No pigment produced at 37° C., and strains 

 cultivated at this temperature lose their 

 chromogenic power. 



Milk: Not coagulated. 



Peptone water: Poor growth; slight gas. 



VF glucose broth: Rapidly turbid; abun- 

 dant gas; red-lead-colored sediment. 



Indole and skatole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose, lac- 

 tose, sucrose, arabinose, mannitol and 

 starch are energetically fermented. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated proteins: Not attacked. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 26° C. 



Probably not pathogenic. 



Source: Isolated from African soils. 



Habitat: Presumably soil. 



71. Clostridium roseum McCoy and 

 McClung, 1935. (Arch. f. Mikrobiol., 6, 1935, 

 237.) 



ro'se.um. L. adj. roseus rosy. 



Rods, 0.7 to 0.9 by 3.2 to 4.3 microns, oc- 

 curring singly, in pairs and in short chains. 

 Spores ovoid, subterminal, swelling the 

 cells to Clostridia. Motile by means of pe- 

 ritrichous flagella. Granulose-positive in 



clostridial stage. Gram-positive, becoming 

 Gram-negative. 



Glucose gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Plain agar slant (anaerobic) : Surface 

 growth scant, scarcely perceptible. 



Glucose agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 

 Raised, smooth, edges slightly irregular. 

 Pink to orange pigment. 



Glucose agar deep colonies: Compact, 

 lenticular, pink to red-orange. 



Pigmentation (anaerobic) : Colonies red- 

 orange, becoming purplish black on aera- 

 tion. 



Plain broth: No growth. 



Glucose broth: Abundant, uniform tur- 

 bidity; much gas. 



Litmus milk: Stormy coagulation. Litmus 

 reduced but obscured by pink pigment. Clot 

 slowly softened. Proteolysis demonstrable 

 on milk agar. 



Potato: Rapid digestion to a clear, yellow 

 fluid and bluish sediment. Much gas with 

 butylic odor. 



Maize mash: Resembling the reaction of 

 Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et aL, 

 but with flesh-orange pigment becoming 

 slowly purple at surface on ageing. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced from thiosul- 

 fate and sulfite. 



Acid and gas from xylose, arabinose, glu- 

 cose, mannose, fructose, galactose, lactose, 

 maltose, sucrose, raffinose, starch, dextrin, 

 glycogen, inulin, pectin and salicin. Esculin 

 and amygdalin weakly fermented. Mannitol, 

 erythritol, glycerol, alpha-methyl-gluco- 

 side, Ca-lactate and cellulose not fermented. 



Ammonia produced from nitrates and 

 from nitrites. 



Coagulated albumin cubes: Softened and 

 yellowed by slow digestion. 



Blood agar: No hemolysis. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Brain medium: No blackening or diges- 

 tion. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, about 37° C. 

 Growth occurs from 8° to 62° C. 



Not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. 



Distinctive characters: Differentiated 

 from Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et 

 al. by the fermentation of pectin and by 

 pigment production. Differs from Clos- 



