G82 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



arborescent, with coral-red pigment. Colo- 

 nies near aerobic layer are more pigmented. 



Agar slants (in vacuum) : Round colonies 

 with irregular edges, non-pigmented. Colo- 

 nies become coral-colored if air is intro- 

 duced into the tube. 



Peptone broth: Slightly turbid; colorless 

 sediment; pigment develops on addition of 

 glucose. 



Glucose broth: Abundantly turbid; gas 

 liberated; no pigment produced under ana- 

 erobic conditions. 



Milk: Coagulated in 24 hours, clot not 

 digested (Prevot and Raynaud, ihid., 183); 

 coagulation with digestion (Prevot and 

 Sansonnens, Ann. Inst. Past., 73, 1947, 1044). 



Indole and skatole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose, su- 

 crose, lactose, arabinose, xylose, mannitol, 

 sorbitol, dulcitol, glycerol, starch and inulin 

 are fermented. 



Pectin not attacked (Prevot and Ray- 

 naud, op. cit., 1944, 183); pectin attacked 

 (Prevot and Raynaud, Compt. rend. Acad. 

 Sci., Paris, 222, 1946, 1531). 



Produces butyric and formic acids; lactic 

 acid not produced (Prevot and Raynaud, 

 op. cit., 1944, 183); fermentation type: for- 

 mic-butyric-lactic with alcohol and acetone 

 or acetic-isobutyric-lactic with acetone 

 (Prevot and Sansonnens, op. cit., 1947, 

 1044); acetic, butyric and formic acids, 

 ethyl and butyl alcohols and acetone (Pre- 

 vot and Raynaud, op. cit., 1946, 1531). 



Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Coagulated serum: Not attacked. 



Anaerobic. 



Not pathogenic for mice or guinea pigs. 



Source: Isolated from the serum from a 

 mouse inoculated with Paris street dust 

 (Pr6vot and Raynaud, op. cit., 1944, 182) 

 and from African soil (Prevot and Sanson- 

 nens, op. cit., 1947, 1044). 



Habitat: Soil. 



74. Clostridium aurantibutyricum 



Hellinger, 1944. (Commemorative Vol. to 

 Dr. Ch. Weizmann's 70th Birthday, Nov., 

 1944, 46; also see Jour. Gen. Microbiol., /, 

 1947, 203.) 

 au.ran.ti.bu.ty'ri.cum. M.L. noun au- 



rantium the orange; M.L. noun acidum hu- 

 tyricum butyric acid; M.L. adj. aurantibu- 

 tyricus (probably intended to mean) the 

 golden organism producing butyric acid. 



Straight rods, 0.5 by 4.7 microns at 30° 

 to 0.5 by 9.4 microns at 37° C. Spores sub- 

 terminal and ovoid (0.9 by 2.1 microns), 

 swelling the cells. Spore-bearing cells are 

 motile and mostly spindle-shaped. Motile 

 by means of peritrichous flagella. Clostridia 

 are granulose-positive. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Glucose yeast agar surface colonies: 

 Slightly granular with orange-red pigment; 

 sometimes pink, deepening to pale orange 

 on continued anaerobic incubation. 



Potato slant: Not disintegrated. 



Carrot slant : Softening and rotting within 

 48 hours. 



Maize mash: Active gas production with 

 distinct pink coloration; good but incom- 

 plete diastatic action. 



Acid and gas from xylose, galactose, glu- 

 cose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, pectin and 

 starch. Cellulose, inulin, mannitol, glycerol 

 and sorbitol not fermented. 



Products of maize (starch) and glucose 

 fermentation : Main products are acetic and 

 butyric acids. Acetone, butanol, ethanol, 

 acetone and iso-propanol are formed in 

 lesser amounts. Lactic and formic acids and 

 acetylmethylcarbinol produced only in 

 slight or negligible amounts. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 30° C. 



Distinctive characters (differentiation 

 from Clostridium felsmeum Bergey et al. and 

 C. roseum McCoy and McClung) : Partial 

 diastatic action in maize mash; lower yield 

 of neutral fermentation products from car- 

 bohydrates; inability to ferment inulin; 

 failure to digest potato tissue; inability to 

 reduce nitrates; optimum temperature, 

 30° C. 



Source: Isolated from stems of South 

 African hibiscus and from English flax. 



Habitat: Soil. 



75. Clostridium felsineum (Carbone 

 and Tombolato, 1917) Bergey et al., 1930. 

 {Bacillus felsineus Carbone and Tombolato, 

 Le Staz. Sper. Agrar., Ital., 50, 1917, 563; 



