FAMILY XIII. BACILLACEAE 



G83 



Clostridium felsinus (sic) Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 453.) 



fel.si'ne.um. L. noun Felsinea the Latin 

 name for Bologna, Italy; M.L. adj . felsineus 

 pertaining to Felsinea. 



Description taken from Ruschmann and 

 Bavendamm (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 64, 

 1925, 340) , from the Kluy ver strain used by 

 van der Lek (Thesis, Delft, 1930) and from 

 McCoy and McClung (Arch. f. MikrobioL, 

 6, 1935, 230). 



Rods, 0.3 to 0.4 by 3.0 to 5.0 microns, oc- 

 curring singly, in pairs and in short chains. 

 Spores ovoid, subterminal, swelling the 

 cells to Clostridia. Motile by means of pe- 

 ritrichous flagella. Granulose-positive in 

 the clostridial stage. Gram-positive, becom- 

 ing Gram-negative. 



Glucose-gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Glucose agar surface colonies (anaerobic) : 

 Raised, smooth, slightly irregular, yellow- 

 orange. 



Glucose agar deep colonies: Compact, 

 lenticular, opaque, yellow. 



Plain agar slant (anaerobic): Surface 

 growth scant, scarcely perceptible. 



Pigmentation (anaerobic) : Yellow- 



orange, ageing to brownish. No change on 

 aeration. 



Plain broth: No growth. 



Glucose broth: Abundant, uniform tur- 

 bidity; much gas. Yellow, slimy sediment. 



Litmus milk: Acid and coagulation. Lit- 

 mus reduced. Clot torn and yellowed. No 

 visible digestion. 



Potato: Digested to a yellow slime. Much 

 gas with butylic odor. 



Maize mash: Resembling reaction of Clos- 

 tridium acetohutylicum McCoy et al., but 

 with flesh-colored to orange pigment. 



Indole not produced. 



Acid and gas from arabinose, xylose, glu- 

 cose, mannose, fructose, galactose, lactose, 

 maltose, sucrose, rafhnose, starch, dextrin, 

 inulin, glycogen, pectin and salicin. Man- 

 nitol, erythritol, glycerol, Ca-lactate and 

 cellulose not fermented. 



Fermentation products include butyl and 

 ethyl alcohols, acetone, organic acids (prob- 

 ably butyric and acetic), H2 and CO2 . 



Ammonia produced from nitrates and 

 nitrites. 



Atmospheric nitrogen fixed (Rosenblum 

 and Wilson, Jour, Bact., 57, 1949, 413). 



Coagulated albumin cubes: Softened and 

 yellowed by slow digestion. 



Blood agar: No hemolysis. 



Blood serum: No liquefaction. 



Brain medium: No blackening or diges- 

 tion. 



Anaerobic. 



Grows at 37° C. 



Not pathogenic for guinea pigs or rabbits. 



Source: Isolated from retting flax; also 

 found in soil in Italy, in Argentina and in 

 the United States. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



76. Clostridium flavum McClung and 

 McCoy, nom. nov. (Type IV of retting Clos- 

 tridia, Lanigan, Austral. Jour. Sci. Re- 

 search, Ser. B, Biol. Sci., 4, 1951, 475.) 



fla'vum. L. adj. flavus yellow. 



Slender, straight to slightly curved rods, 

 0.4 by 2.0 to 7.0 microns, with rounded ends, 

 occurring singly, in pairs, end to end and 

 in small clusters with some palisade forma- 

 tion; short filaments occasionally occur. 

 Subterminal spores, elliptical or bean- 

 shaped, 0.8 by 2.5 to 2.7 microns. Sporula- 

 tion occurs early and freely. Cell distended 

 at sporulation by an elongated, subterminal 

 spore with pronounced terminal "cap". 

 Motile. Gram-positive in young cultures. 



Glucose -gelatin: Liquefaction in 7 to 11 

 days. 



Nutrient agar: No growth. 



Glucose yeast agar surface colonies: Cir- 

 cular, 1.0 to 1.5 mm in diameter, entire, 

 low-convex or umbilicate, smooth and glis- 

 tening, opaque, canary-yellow by reflected 

 light, viscid consistency. 



Glucose yeast agar deep colonies: Bicon- 

 vex discs, 1 mm in diameter, canary -yellow 

 in color; medium disrupted by gas. 



Glucose yeast agar slant: Good, filiform 

 growth; smooth and glistening surface; 

 canary -yellow, non-diffusible pigment; soft 

 butyrous to viscid consistency. 



Glucose j^east peptone broth: Heavy, uni- 

 form turbidity; much gas; pale yellow viscid 

 deposit. Marked odor of butanol. 



Litmus milk: Acid and gas; reduction; 

 coagulation; usually a stormy clot within 

 two to four days. No digestion of curd. 



