686 



ORDER IV. EUBACTERIALES 



Agar deep colonies: Small, cottony; a 

 few gas bubbles are produced. 



Peptone water: Turbid; slight sediment. 



Milk: Coagulated in 5 days, but clot is 

 not digested. 



Indole is produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide is produced (medium 

 not stated). 



Glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, 

 arabinose, xylose, sucrose, mannitol and 

 starch slowly fermented after 1 month of 

 cultivation. Inulin not fermented. Carbo- 

 hydrates not attacked immediately after 

 isolation. 



Cellulose (in synthetic medium) is fer- 

 mented chiefly to acetic and butyric acids 

 together with inflammable gas and traces 

 of ethyl alcohol. 



Coagulated albumin: Not attacked. 



Brain medium: No blackening. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, around 37° C. Not 

 thermophilic. 



Distinctive characters: Does not produce 

 pigment; ferments a variety of carbohy- 

 drates. 



Source : Isolated from the scum of sugar- 

 refining vats. 



Habitat: Not determined. 



81. Clostridium werneri Bergey et al., 

 1930. (Bacillus cellulosam fermentans Werner, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 67, 1926, 297; Bergey 

 et al., Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 452.) 



wer'ne.ri. M.L. gen. noun werneri of Wer- 

 ner; named for Erich Werner, the German 

 bacteriologist who first isolated this organ- 

 ism. 



Rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 1.5 to 7.0 microns, oc- 

 curring singly and in pairs but not in chains. 

 Spores ovoid, terminal, swelling the cells. 

 Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 

 Gram-negative. 



Agar slant (anaerobic) : No growth. 



Cellulose agar slant (anaerobic) : Growth 

 only in contact with cellulose. Growth gray- 

 ish black; agar is darkened. Gas is produced. 



Broth: No growth. 



Broth with filter paper: Poor growth; 

 cellulose weakly attacked. 



Omelianski solution with filter paper: 

 Abundant growth; cellulose digested with 

 the production of Ho and CO2 . 



Hydrogen sulfide is produced in the 

 Omelianski medium, presumably from the 

 (NH4)2S04 and MgS04 . 



Glucose and carbohydrates other than 

 cellulose not fermented. 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, between 33° and 

 37° C. 



Not pathogenic for mice. 



Relationship to other species: Probably 

 closely related to Clostridium omelianskii 

 Spray. 



Source: Isolated from the larvae of the 

 rose-leaf beetle (Potosia cuprea). 



Habitat : Found in soil and in the feces of 

 herbivorous animals. 



82. Clostridium leptinotarsae Sartory 

 and Meyer, 1941. (Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., 

 Paris, 212, 1941, 819.) 



lep. ti.no. tar 'sae. M.L. noun Leptinotarsa 

 a genus of insects; M.L. gen. noun leptino- 

 tarsae of Leptinotarsa. 



Straight or curved rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 1.5 

 to 4.0 microns, frequently occurring in pairs. 

 Terminal, ovoid spores, 0.6 to 0.7 by 1.0 to 

 1.8 microns. Non-motile. Gram-negative 

 (Prevot, Man. d. Class, et Determ. d. Bact. 

 Ana6rob., 2" ed., 1948, 201). 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Peptone broth: Turbid. 



Milk: Coagulated then digested. 



Indole is produced. 



Celulose readily attacked. Glucose, galac- 

 tose, mannitol, maltose, sucrose and lactose 

 are fermented; fructose is only moderately 

 fermented. 



Lactic and butyric acids, carbon dioxide 

 and hydrogen are produced. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates (Pre- 

 vot, loc. cit.). 



Anaerobic. 



Optimum temperature, between 27° and 

 37° C. 



Source: Isolated from the intestines of 

 a potato beetle. 



Habitat: Decomposing organic matter. 



83. Clostridium cellulosolvens Cowles 

 and Rettger, 1931. (Jour. Bact., ^i, 1931, 167.) 



cel.lu.lo.sol'vens. M.L. noun cellulosum 

 cellulose; L. part. adj. solvens dissolving; 

 M.L. adj. cellulosolvens cellulose-dissolving. 



