FAMILY XIII. BACILLACEAE 



687 



Rods, 0.5 by 2.0 to 6.0 microns, commonly 

 curved, occurring singly and in pairs, not 

 in chains. Spores spherical, terminal, swell- 

 ing the cells. Non-motile. Gram stain un- 

 certain; usually Gram-negative. 



Grows in routine media only when cellu- 

 lose or a certain few carbohydrates are 

 added. 



Surface colonies on de.xtrin-cysteine meat 

 infusion agar (anaerobic) : Tiny, round, 

 transparent dew-drops; finely granular; 

 smooth edge. 



Acid and gas from cellulose, dextrin, arab- 

 inose, xj-lose and soluble starch. Glucose, 

 fructose, mannose, lactose, maltose, su- 

 cro.se, melezitose, raffinose, inulin, saticin, 

 amygdalin, adonitol, dulcitol, erythritol, 

 glycerol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol and 

 gum arable not fermented. 



Cellulose decomposed to H. , CO2 and 

 organic acids. 



Anaerobic. 



Grows at 37° C. 



Source: Isolated from horse feces. 



Habitat: Probably widely dispersed in 

 manured soils. 



84. Clostridium cellobioparum Hun- 

 gate, 1944. {Clostridium ceUobioparus (sic) 

 Hungate, Jour. Bact., 48, 1944, 503.) 



cel.lo.bi-o'pa.rum. M.L. noun cellobio- 

 sum cellobiose; L. v. pario to bear, produce; 

 L. verb. adj .suffix parus producing; M.L. 

 adj. ceUobioparus cellobiose-producing. 



Slightly curved rods, 0.3 to 0.4 by 3.0 to 

 5.0 microns, occurring singly or as two cells 

 attached. Spores are terminal and spher- 

 ical, 0.9 micron in diameter, swelling the 

 cells; spores rarely remain attached to the 

 cells. Motile by means of 1 to 4 peritrichous 

 flagella. Gram-negative. 



Glucose agar deep colonies: Disc-shaped 

 and compact, older colonies become more 

 complex in shape, often by growth of daugh- 

 ter discs at right angles to the original one; 

 pigmentation not reported, presumed nega- 

 tive. 



Cellulose agar deep colonies: Irregular in 

 shape, even when small. 



Acid and gas readily produced from glu- 

 cose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, 

 cellobiose, melibiose, maltose and a hemi- 

 cellulose from birch. Galactose, sucrose, 



lactose, raffinose, mannitol and dextrin less 

 readily fermented. Melezitose, trehalose, 

 salicin, inulin, soluble starch, glycerol and 

 rhamnose not fermented. 



Fermentation products are acetic, formic 

 and lactic acids, ethyl alcohol, carbon diox- 

 ide, hydrogen and other products not identi- 

 fied. Cellobiose is the chief product of di- 

 gestion of cellulose; no glucose is produced. 



Ferrous sulfate not reduced. 



Biotin and carbohydrates are required in 

 inorganic media. 



Strictly anaerobic. 



Temperature relations: Optimum, 38° C. 

 Growth is slow at 25° C. Growth inhibited 

 at 18° and at 45° C. 



Distinctive characters: Distinguished 

 from Clostridium cellulosolvens Cowles and 

 Rettger by the fermentation of glucose, 

 fructose, mannose and maltose, from C. 

 dissolvens Bergey et al. by spore shape and 

 fermentation of mono- and di-saccharides 

 and from C. werneri Bergey et al. by spore 

 shape and fermentation of glucose (Hun- 

 gate, Jour. Bact., 48, 1944, 499). 



Source: Isolated from the rumina of cat- 

 tle. 



Habitat: Found in the rumina of rumi- 

 nants, so far as known. 



85. Clostridium omelianskii (Henne- 

 berg, 1922, emend. Clausen, 1931) Spray, 

 1948. (Bacillus hydrogenique, Omeliansky, 

 Arch. Sci.Biol. (Russ.), 9, 1902-03, 263l(Was- 

 serstoffbacillus, Omeliansky, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 8, 1902, 262), and Bacille formen- 

 ique, Omeliansky, op. cit., 1902-03, 263 

 (Methanbacillus, Omeliansky, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 11, 1903-04, 370); Bacillus 

 omelianskii Henneberg, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 55, 1922, 276; Clausen, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 84, 1931, 40 and 54; Spray, in Man- 

 ual, 6th ed., 1948, 809.) 



o.me.li.an'ski.i. M.L. gen. noun omelian- 

 skii of Omeliansky; named for Prof. W. 

 Omeliansky, the Russian bacteriologist who 

 was the first to observe this organism. 



Straight to slightly curved rods, 0.5 to 

 0.7 by 5.0 to 15.0 microns, the length varying 

 with the medium, occurring chiefly singly, 

 occasionally in pairs, frequently parallel in 

 groups, never in chains or filaments. Spores, 

 1.0 to 1.5 microns in diameter, the size vary- 



