'30 



ORDER V. ACTINOMYCETALES 



Sucrose weakly inverted. 

 Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Does not grow on paraffin or wax but 

 produces weak growth on fat. 

 Source: Isolated from soil. 

 Habitat: Soil: not common. 



Sucrose is inverted. 

 Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Weak growth on fat. No growth on par- 

 affin or wax. 

 Source: Isolated from soil and water. 

 Habitat: Soil. 



23. Nocardia viridis (Krassilnikov, 1938) 

 Waksman and Henrici, 1948. {Proactino- 

 myces viridis Krassilnikov, Bull. Acad. Sci. 

 U.S.S.R., No. 1, 1938, 139; Waksman and 

 Henrici, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 908.) 



vi'ri.dis. L. adj. viridis green. 



Mycelial cells often branching, 0.7 to 0.8 

 micron in diameter with cross-wall; after 

 5 to 7 days the cells break up into rods 5 to 

 15 microns long. Cocci not observed. Cells 

 multiply by fission, seldom by budding. 

 Spores not formed. Not acid-fast. Cells 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Colonies colored dark green. Pigment not 

 soluble in medium, in water or in organic 

 solvents. Surface of colony somewhat shiny. 

 On potato, rough, much folded, broken up 

 into small colonies. 



Milk: No peptonization or coagulation. 



Sucrose readily inverted. 



Starch weakly hydrolyzed. 



Grows well on fats and paraffin and less 

 on wax. 



Source : Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



24. Nocardia citrea (Krassilnikov, 1938) 

 Waksman and Henrici, 1948. (Proactino- 

 myces citreus Krassilnikov, Bull. Acad. Sci. 

 U.S.S.R., No. 1, 1938, 139; Waksman and 

 Henrici, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 908.) 



cit're.a. L. adj. citreus of or pertaining to 

 the citrus tree; M.L. adj. citreus lemon- 

 yellow. 



Mycelium in young cultures consists of 

 very fine threads, 0.3 to 0.5 micron in di- 

 ameter. After several days the cells break 

 up into short rods, 0.5 by 1.5 to 5.0 microns, 

 and into cocci, 0.3 to 0.5 micron in diame- 

 ter. Multiplies by fission and bud formation; 

 spores not formed. Not acid-fast. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Colonies: Yellow-green, usually rough and 

 folded. 



Milk: Coagulation and peptonization. 



25. Nocardia madurae (Vincent, 1894) 

 Blanchard, 1896. (Streptothrix madurae Vin- 

 cent, Ann. Inst. Past., 8, 1894, 129; Blanch- 

 ard, in Bouchard, Traite Path. G6n., 3, 

 1896, 868.) 



ma'du.rae. M.L. gen.noun madurae of 

 Madura; named for Madura, India. 



In tissues, growth in form of granules 

 consisting of radiating actinomycosis. In 

 cultures, initial branched mycelium frag- 

 menting into rod-shaped and coccoid bodies. 

 No aerial mycelium or spores. Not acid- 

 fast. 



Gelatin: Growth scant, whitish; no lique- 

 faction. 



Gelatin colonies: Round, glistening, at 

 first white, then buff to rose or crimson. 

 Pigment production is irregular and un- 

 predictable. Occasionally a red, soluble 

 pigment is produced. Growth eventually 

 wrinkled. No aerial mycelium. 



Broth: Growth occurs as a floccular sedi- 

 ment. 



Milk: No change or slight, slow peptoni- 

 zation. 



Potato: Wrinkled, friable growth; buff- 

 colored, sometimes red. 



Diastatic action questionable. 



Not pathogenic for the usual laboratory 

 animals; pathogenic for monkeys (Mus- 

 grave and Clegg, Philippine Jour. Sci., 

 Ser. B., Med. Sci., S, 1908, 470). 



Source : Isolated from a case of Madura 

 foot. 



Habitat: Cause of some cases of Madura 

 foot. 



26. Nocardia nigra (Krassilnikov, 1941) 

 Waksman, 1953. (Proactinomyces niger Kras- 

 silnikov. Guide to the Actinomycetes, Izd. 

 Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1941, 89; 

 Waksman, in Waksman and Lechevalier, 

 Actinomycetes and Their Antibiotics, 

 Baltimore, 1953, 149; not Nocardia nigra 

 Castellani and Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 

 3rd ed., 1919, 1062.) 



