734 



ORDER V. ACTINOMYCETALES 



white powdery aerial mycelium; later 

 abundant, raised, pale pink, confluent 

 growth, discolored plug; after 2 months, 

 raised, buckled, pink colonies with white 

 aerial mycelium floating on liquid at base. 



Source: Isolated from infected guinea pigs 

 in Sumatra. 



Habitat: Unknown. 



32. Nocardia actinomorpha (Gray and 

 Thornton, 1928) Waksman and Henrici, 

 1948. {Mycobacterium actinomorphum Gray 

 and Thornton, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 73, 

 1928, 88; Proactinomyces actinomorphus 

 Jensen, Proc. Linn. Soc. New So. Wales, 56, 

 1931, 363; Waksman and Henrici, in Manual, 

 6th ed., 1948, 912.) 



ac.ti.no.mor'pha. Gr. noun actis, actinis 

 a ray; Gr. noun morphe shape; M.L. adj. 

 actinomorphus ray-shaped. 



Original description supplemented by ma- 

 terial taken from Jensen {op. cit., 1931, 363) 

 and Bynoe (Thesis, McGill University, 

 Montreal, 1931). 



Long branching filaments and rods, 0.5 

 to 0.8 by up to 10 microns. In older cultures 

 rods 2 to 3 microns long generally predomi- 

 nate. On some media, extensively branch- 

 ing hyphae occur. Readily stained. Not 

 acid-fast. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin colonies: After 12 daj^s, round, 

 saucer-like, white, raised rim, edges burred. 

 Deep colonies: Burrs. Liquefaction. 



Gelatin stab: After 8 to 14 days, saccate 

 liquefaction, 5 to 8 mm. 



Agar colonies: After 11 days, round, 1 

 mm in diameter, convex, white, granular 

 or resinous; long, arborescent processes 

 from the edge. Deep colonies: Arborescent 

 burrs; processes about equal to diameter of 

 colony. 



Agar slant: Filiform, raised to convex, 

 white, rugose, dull growth; edge undulate, 

 with strong tufted projections below sur- 

 face. 



Broth: Turbid or clear with white scum. 



Dorset's egg medium: After 2 weeks, 

 raised, dry, smooth, salmon-buff growth. 



Loeffler's medium: After 2 days, smooth, 

 moist, warty, salmon-colored growth. 



Litmus milk: Alkaline after 5 to 7 days. 



Glycerol potato: After 2 days, dry, 

 wrinkled, pink to orange growth. 



No acid from glucose, lactose, sucrose 

 or glycerol. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Phenol and naphthalene are utilized. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 30° C. 



Optimum pH, between 7.8 and 8.5. 



Distinctive characters: Differs from No- 

 cardia coeliaca in saccate liquefaction of 

 gelatin. Long rods and filaments. 



Source: A few strains have been isolated 

 from soil in Great Britain and Australia. 



Habitat: Presumably soil. 



33. Nocardia alba (Krassilnikov, 1938) 

 Waksman, 1953. {Proactinomyces albus 'Kras- 

 silnikov, Bull. Acad. Sci., U.S.S.R., No. 1, 

 1938, 139; Waksman, in Waksman and 

 Lechevalier, Actinomycetes and Their Anti- 

 biotics, Baltimore, 1953, 153.) 



al'ba. L. adj. albus white. 



Colonies white, never pigmented, of 

 dough-like consistency; smooth or folded 

 growth; shiny or pale. True substrate my- 

 celium produced at first, then breaking up 

 into short rods, 0.7 to 0.8 by 2.7 microns, 

 later changing into a mass of coccus-like 

 cells, 0.7 to 1.0 micron in diameter. Many 

 cells are swollen, others form side buds. No 

 aerial mycelium produced on nutrient 

 media. Not acid-fast. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Agar: Good growth. 



Synthetic agar: Inorganic sources of 

 nitrogen are used, and sugar, starch or or- 

 ganic acids serve as sources of carbon. 



Milk: Coagulated and peptonized. 



Sucrose inverted. 



Starch rapidly hydrolyzed. 



Cellulose: No growth. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Comment: Krassilnikov {op. cit., 1941, 

 73) recognizes several subspecies. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



34. Nocardia flavescens (Jensen, 1931) 

 Waksman and Henrici, 1948. {Proactino- 

 myces flavescens Jensen, Proc. Linn. Soc. 

 New So. Wales, 56, 1931, 361; Waksman 

 and Henrici, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 913.) 



