FAMILY II. ACTINOMYCETACEAE 



743 



garded as being identical (see Emmons, 

 Public Health Repts., U.S.P.H.S., S3, 1935, 

 1967; Rosebury, Bact. Rev., 8, 1944, 190; 

 and others). 



Source: Originally found in lumpy jaw of 

 cattle. 



Habitat: Frequently found in and about 

 the mouths of cattle and probably other 

 animals. Lesions may also be produced in 

 the livers, udders or other organs of cattle 

 and hogs. Possibly also found in human 

 mouths (Naeslund, Acta path. Microbiol. 

 Scand., ^, 1925, 110). 



2. Actinomyces israelii (Kruse, 1896) 

 Lachner-Sandoval, 1898. (Strahlenpilz, 

 Wolff and Israel, Arch. f. path. Anat., 126, 

 1891, 11; Streptothrix Israeli (sic) Kruse, in 

 Fliigge, Die Mikroorganismen, 3 Aufl., 2, 

 1896, 56; Actinomyces israeli (sic) Lachner- 

 Sandoval, Inaug. Diss., Strassburg, 1898, 

 64.) 



is.ra.e'li.i. M.L. gen. noun israelii of 

 Israel; named for Prof. James Israel, one 

 of the original isolators of this organism. 



Description taken from Erikson (Med. 

 Res. Council, London, Spec. Rept. Ser. 240, 

 1940, 63 pp.). 



Erect aerial hyphae are produced in an 

 atmosphere of reduced oxygen tension. 

 These hyphae are occasionally septate, but 

 no definite spores are formed. One micron 

 or more in diameter. The hyphae stain with 

 acid stains. Large club-shaped forms, 

 greater than 5 microns in diameter, are seen 

 in morbid tissues. Substrate mycelium is 

 initially unicellular, and the branches may 

 e.xtend into the medium in long filaments or 

 may, more or less quickly, exhibit fragmen- 

 tation and characteristic angular branch- 

 ing. The latter resembles the similar phe- 

 nomenon found in Corynebacteriiim. 

 Non-motile. Not acid-fast. Gram-positive. 



Colonies: These exhibit a considerable 

 degree of polymorphism, but no stable 

 variants have been established. Tougher 

 in texture than those of Actinomyces hovis. 

 Old colonies warted in appearance. Ad- 

 herent to the medium. 



Gelatin: Occasionally scant, flaky growth. 

 No liquefaction. 



Liquid media: Usually clear. 



Acid from sugars: According to Slack 



(Jour. Bact., 43, 1941, 193-209), acid from 

 glucose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose and 

 lactose; according to Negroni and Bon- 

 figlioli (Physics, 15, 1939, 159), acid from 

 glucose, galactose, lactose, fructose, malt- 

 ose, raffinose, sucrose and xylose. 



Pigments: No soluble pigments on pro- 

 tein media. No insoluble pigments pro- 

 duced by growth. 



Egg or serum media: No proteolytic ac- 

 tion. 



Litmus milk: Becomes acid but usually 

 does not clot. No peptonization. Frequently 

 no growth. 



No hemolysis. 



Anaerobic to microaerophilic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Serology: No cross agglutination between 

 12 human strains and bovine strains of 

 Actinomyces. No cross reactions with repre- 

 sentative aerobic strains. 



Source: Isolated from two cases of hu- 

 man actinomycosis: 1) a retromaxillary 

 tumor, 2) actinomycosis of lung and breast 

 (Wolff and Israel). 



Habitat: From human sources (mouth, 

 tonsillar crypts, etc.). 



3. Actinomyces baudetii Brion, 1942. 

 {Actinomyces du chien et du chat, Brion, 

 Rev. de Med. Veter., March, 1939; Actino- 

 myces baudeti (sic) Brion, Rev. de Med. 

 Veter., 91, 1942, 157; Actinohacterium bau- 

 deti Prevot, Goret, Joubert, Tardieux and 

 Aladame, Ann. Inst. Past., 81, 1951, 85.) 



bau.de'ti.i. M.L. gen. noun baudetii of 

 Baudet; named for Dr. E. Baudet, an early 

 student of this organism. 



Description taken from Brion, Goret 

 and Joubert (Proc. VI Congress Interna- 

 cional de Patol. Comp., Madrid, 4-11 Mayo, 

 1952, i. 48). 



Granules from histological preparations 

 appear as tangled, radiating hyphae; the 

 ends of the hyphae are rounded and ovoid, 

 forming a crown. These club-shaped ends 

 are not more than 5 microns in diameter. 

 The hyphae take basic stains. Mycelia 

 possess slender hyphae (0.2 to 0.4 micron) 

 with irregular diameters. Non-septate. The 

 ends are swollen and rounded. Copious 

 branching. In artificial media the hyphae 



