754 



ORDER V. ACTINOMYCETALES 



No growth on cellulose. 



Actively proteolytic. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Odor: Earthy or musty. 



Aerobic. 



Antagonistic properties: Usually none. 

 Some strains produce actinomycetin. Some 

 produce thiolutin or endomycin. 



Comment: Because of the wide distribu- 

 tion of this species and the ease of its super- 

 ficial identification, numerous strains with 

 varying physiological properties have been 

 reported. 



Source: Isolated from air and soil (Rossi- 

 Doria); from garden soil (Krainsky). 



Habitat: Dust, soil, grains and straw. 

 Widely distributed. 



2. Streptomyces longisporus (Krassil- 

 nikov, 1941) Waksman, 1953. {Actinomyces 

 longisporus Krassilnikov, Guide to the Ac- 

 tinomycetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., 

 Moskau, 1941, 47; Waksman, in Waksman 

 and Lechevalier, Actinomycetes and Their 

 Antibiotics, Baltimore, 1953, 39.) 



lon.gi'spo.rus. L. adj. longus long; Gr. 

 fem.n. spora a seed; M.L. noun spora a 

 spore; M.L. adj. longisporus long-spored. 



Vegetative growth: Colorless colonies. 

 Some strains produce a brown substance in 

 protein media. 



Aerial mycelium: White. Long sporo- 

 phores with many curls, weak spirals, occa- 

 sionally forming small brooms. Spores cylin- 

 drical, with sharply cut ends, 0.6 to 0.8 by 

 1.0 to 1.7 microns; later spores may become 

 ellipsoidal, 0.5 to 0.8 by 0.9 to 1.0 micron. 



Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction. 



Milk: Rapidly coagulated and peptonized. 



Starch is actively hydrolyzed. 



Fair to good growth on cellulose. 



Nitrate reduction variable. 



Antagonistic properties: None. 



Distinctive characters: Distinguished 

 from Streptomyces albus in that its spores are 

 never spherical. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



3. Streptomyces globisporus (Krassil- 

 nikov, 1941) Waksman, 1953. {Actinomyces 

 globisporus Krassilnikov, Guide to the Ac- 

 tinomycetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., 



Moskau, 1941, 48; Waksman, in Waksman 

 and Lechevalier, Actinomycetes and Their 

 Antibiotics, Baltimore, 1953, 39.) 



glo.bi'spo.rus. L. mas.n. globus a round 

 body; Gr. fem.n. spora seed; M.L. noun 

 spora a spore; M.L. adj. globisporus round- 

 spored. 



Vegetative growth: Flat, colorless col- 

 onies. No diffusible pigment. 



Aerial mycelium: Well developed, pow- 

 dery, white. Sporophores straight, fre- 

 quently forming brooms. Spores ellipsoidal 

 and spherical, 0.8 micron in diameter. 



Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction. 



Agar: Grayish, smooth or lichenoid colo- 

 nies. Aerial mycelium poorly developed. 



Synthetic agar: Abundant growth, giving 

 flat, colorless colonies, not coloring medium. 

 Aerial mycelium well developed, powdery, 

 white with trace of yellow. 



Milk: Rapidly peptonized; not coagu- 

 lated. 



Potato : No aerial mycelium or trace ; faint 

 brown color of plug. 



Sucrose not inverted. 



Starch hydrolyzed slowly. 



Good growth on cellulose. 



Antagonistic properties: None or weak. 



Distinctive characters: Waksman {loc. 

 cit.) regards this species as distinct from 

 Streptomyces griseus (No. 85) on the basis of 

 a white aerial mycelium, lack of ability to 

 coagulate milk and slow hydrolysis of 

 starch. Further studies have indicated that 

 these variations may not be sufficient to 

 justify the separation into two species. (Also 

 see comment following description of S. 

 griseus.) 



Comment: Krassilnikov distinguishes 

 this species from S. griseus primarily upon 

 the fact that the sporophores of the latter 

 species, as originally described by Krainsky 

 (1914), exhibited spiral formation. The 

 streptomycin-producing culture, isolated 

 by Waksman et al. (1943) and identified as 

 Streptomyces griseus, exhibited no spiral 

 formation and is therefore regarded by 

 Krassilnikov (Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., 

 Moskau, 1949, 100) as a subspecies of Ac- 

 tinomyces globisporus named Actinomyces 

 globisporus streptomycini . Krassilnikov rec- 

 ognizes several substrains of the species 

 Streptomyces globisporus on the basis of 



