FAMILY III. STREPTOMYCETACEAE 



757 



Source: Dust contamination on a potato 

 slant. 



Habitat: Soil and plant surfaces. Very 

 abundant. 



7. Streptoniyces pluricolor (Berest- 

 new, 1897, emend. Krassilnikov, 1941) Waks- 

 man, 1953. {Actinomyces -pluricolor diffun- 

 dens Berestnew, Inaug. Diss., Moskow, 

 1897; see Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 24, 1898, 

 708; Actinomyces pluricolor Krassilnikov, 

 Guide to the Actinomj^cetes, Izd. Akad. 

 Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1941, 17; not 

 Actinomyces pluricolor Terni, quoted from 

 Gasperini, Cent. f. Bakt., 15, 1894, 684; 

 Waksman, in Waksman and Lechevalier, 

 Actinomj^cetes and Their Antibiotics, Bal- 

 timore, 1953, 42.) 



plu.ri'co.lor. L. comp.adj. plus, pluris 

 more, many; L. mas.n. color color; M.L. 

 adj. pluricolor many-colored, variegated. 



Aerial mycelium: Well-developed, white- 

 gray. Sporophores produce numerous spirals 

 with 3 to 5 turns (sinistrorse). Spores ellip- 

 soidal, 0.7 by 0.9 micron. 



Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction. 



Synthetic agar: At first red-yellow 

 growth, changing to blue or blue-green. The 

 blue pigment dissolves into medium. 



Broth: Green, fluorescent pigment pro- 

 duced. 



Milk: Peptonized without coagulation. 



Potato: Sharp blue growth and soluble 

 pigment. 



Sucrose is inverted. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



No growth on cellulose. 



Antagonistic properties: None. 



Source: Isolated from air. 



Habitat: Unknown. 



8. Streptoniyces cyaneus (Krassilnikov 

 1941) Waksman, 1953. {Actinomyces cyaneus 

 Krassilnikov, Guide to the Actinomycetes, 

 Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1941, 

 14; Waksman, in Waksman and Lechevalier, 

 Actinomycetes and Their Antibiotics, Bal- 

 timore, 1953, 42.) 



cy.an'e.us. Gr. adj. cyaneus dark blue. 



Vegetative growth: Blue, diffusible pig- 

 ment, remaining blue at both acid and alka- 

 line reactions. 



Aerial mycelium: Sporophores produce 



open spirals (sinistrorse) with 2 to 3 turns 

 in each. Spores ellipsoidal, seldom spherical, 

 0.6 by 0.6 to 0.8 micron. 



Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction, completed in 

 5 to 6 days. 



Synthetic agar: Colonies at first smooth, 

 becoming lumpy, leathery-compact and 

 covered with well developed blue-gray aerial 

 mycelium. 



Milk: Peptonized after coagulation. 



Sucrose not inverted. 



Starch is weakly hydrolyzed. 



No growth on cellulose. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Antagonistic properties: Weak. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



9. Streptomyces vinaceus Mayer et al., 

 1951. (Mayer, Crane, DeBoer, Konopka, 

 Marsh and Eisman, Xllth Intern. Congr. 

 Pure and Appl. Chem., 1951, 283.) 



vi.na'ce.us. L. adj. vinaceus of or belong- 

 ing to wine or the grape. 



Aerial mycelium: No spirals. Spores 

 nearly spherical, 1.0 to 1.5 microns. 



Gelatin: Sparse, tan-white growth. No 

 soluble pigment. Ready liquefaction. 



Agar: Rough, dry, off-white growth with 

 reverse blue-red. No soluble pigment. Sev- 

 eral strains produce concentric growth 

 rings. 



Synthetic agar: Rough, off-white growth 

 with reverse purple-red. Soluble, blue-red 

 pigment upon extended incubation. 



Starch agar: Rough, dry, elevated, 

 spreading, off-white growth. 



Glucose agar: Rough, dry, off-white 

 growth with reverse dark red-blue. Soluble 

 red-blue pigment only on extended incuba- 

 tion. 



Potato: Rough, slightly moist, off-white 

 growth. No soluble pigment. 



Starch is hydrol3'zed. 



Optimum temperature, between 22° and 

 28° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces vinac- 

 tin, an antibiotic similar in many respects to 

 viomycin. 



Distinctive character: Soluble red-blue 

 pigment produced in certain media, particu- 

 larly in glucose-peptone broth by shake 

 culture. 



