758 



ORDER V. ACTINOMYCETALES 



Source: Presumably soil. 

 Habitat: Soil. 



10. Streptomyces violaceus (Rossi- 

 Doria, 1891, emend. Krassilnikov, 1941) 

 Waksman, 1953. {Streptotrix (sic) violacea 

 Rossi-Doria, Ann. d. Inst. d'Ig. sper. d. 

 Univ. di Roma, /, 1891, 411; Actinomyces 

 violaceus Gasperini, Cent. f. Bakt., 15, 1894, 

 684; Krassilnikov, Guide to the Actinomyce- 

 tes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 

 1941, 15; Waksman, in Waksman and Leche- 

 valier, Actinomycetes and Their Antibi- 

 otics, Baltimore, 1953, 43.) 



vi.o.la'ce.us. L. adj. violaceus violet- 

 colored. 



Vegetative growth: Well developed, non- 

 septated; readily breaks up in old cultures. 

 Lichenoid colonies at first red, then becoming 

 dark blue and finally purple-violet. Some 

 cultures produce fat droplets in the colony, 

 pigmented red or purple. 



Aerial mycelium: Produced only poorly or 

 not at all; some substrates, such as cellu- 

 lose, paraffin or fats, favor its formation. 

 Aerial hyphae long, straight, seldom branch- 

 ing and also short-branched. Sporophores 

 forming open spirals, sinistrorse curvatures. 



Spores spherical and ellipsoidal. 



Gelatin: Slow liquefaction. 



Synthetic agar: Diffusible pigments 

 which become purple-violet to dark violet. 



Milk: Not coagulated; slowly peptonized. 



Sucrose rapidly inverted. 



Starch is weakly hydrol.yzed. 



Poor or no growth on cellulose. 



No evidence of nitrate reduction by most 

 strains; a few strains give a positive nitrite 

 reaction. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 30° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Exerts strong 

 antagonistic effect upon various bacteria. 



Source: Isolated from air and water. 



Habitat: Unknown. 



11. Streptomyces verne (Waksman and 

 Curtis, 1916) Waksman and Henrici, 1948. 

 {Actino7nyces verne Waksman and Curtis, 

 Soil Sci., 1, 1916, 120; Waksman and Hen- 

 rici, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 936.) 



ver'ne. Etymology uncertain. 

 Filaments with close branching of the 



hyphae. Capacity to produce aerial myce- 

 lium lost on cultivation. 



Gelatin stab: Small, cream-colored col- 

 onies. Rapid liquefaction. 



Agar: Small, grayish colonies with de- 

 pressed center, becoming wrinkled. 



Synthetic agar: Abundant, spreading, 

 wrinkled, elevated, glossy, yellowish 

 growth, becoming brownish, lichenoid mar- 

 gin. 



Starch agar: Scant, brownish, restricted 

 growth. 



Glucose agar: Abundant, much folded 

 growth, center raised, gray with purplish 

 tinge, entire. 



Glucose broth: Slightly flaky sediment. 



Litmus milk: Pinkish brown ring; coagu- 

 lated; peptonized, with alkaline reaction. 



Potato: Cream-colored growth, becoming 

 gray, wrinkled. 



Soluble brown pigment formed. Soluble 

 green pigment produced when freshly iso- 

 lated. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Limited activity 

 against some bacteria. 



Source: Isolated once from upland Cali- 

 fornia soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



12. Streptomyces viridans (Krassilni- 

 kov, 1941) Waksman, 1953. (Actinomyces 

 viridans Krassilnikov, Guide to the Actino- 

 mycetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Mos- 

 kau, 1941, 33; Waksman, in Waksman and 

 Lechevalier, Actinomj'cetes and Their Anti- 

 biotics, Baltimore, 1953, 44.) 



vi'ri.dans. L. part. adj. viridans green- 

 making. 



Vegetative growth: Green to brown-green 

 colonies. 



Aerial mycelium: Dark gray, olive-colored 

 or gray-green, velvety, covering the whole 

 colony. Sporophores long, spiral-shaped. 

 Spores cylindrical. 



Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction. 



Agar: Brown-green growth. Soluble 

 brown substance produced. 



Synthetic agar: Green colonies. Soluble 

 green pigment produced. 



