FAMILY III. STREPTOMYCETACEAE 



Carrot plug: Cream-colored to faint 

 brownish growth. No aerial mycelium. No 

 pigment. 



Odor: Very characteristic soil odor. 



Antagonistic properties: Has a marked 

 antagonistic effect on Gram-positive and 

 Gram-negative bacteria, much more on 

 the former than on the latter, as well as on 

 actinomj'cetes. It is also active against 

 fungi, which vary in degree of sensitivity. 

 Produces actinomycin, a specific bacterio- 

 static and bactericidal substance (Waks- 

 man and Woodruff, Jour. Bact., J^0, 1940, 

 581). 



Source: Isolated from soil on Escherichia 

 coZi-washed-agar plate, using living cells of 

 E. coli as the only source of available nu- 

 trients. 



Habitat: Soil. 



49. Streptomyces griseocarneus Bene- 

 dict et al., 1950. (Streptomyces griseo-carneus 

 (sic) Benedict, Stodola, Shotwell, Borud 

 and Lindenfelser, Science, 112, 1950, 77; 

 also see Benedict, Lindenfelser, Stodola 

 and Traufler, Jour. Bact., 62, 1951, 487; and 

 Grund}', Whitman, Hanes and Sylvester, 

 Antibiotics and Chemotherapj', 1, 1951, 

 309.) 



gri..se.o.car'ne.us. M.L. adj. griseus 

 gray; L. adj. carneus pertaining to flesh, 

 flesh-colored; M.L. adj. griseocarneus gray- 

 ish flesh-colored. 



Vegetative growth: Good, with mono- 

 podial branching. 



Aerial mj-celium: Two types: On some 

 media, powdery, suggestive of sporulation, 

 but no spores are produced; this type of 

 mycelium usually becomes gray with con- 

 tinued incubation. On other media, the 

 aerial mycelium forms a rather fluffy, white 

 mat; it turns slightly pink when sporulation 

 occurs. No spirals have been observed. None 

 of the common media will induce sporula- 

 tion. It occurs best after 10 to 14 days' 

 incubation on a carbon-free salt agar to 

 which 0.5 per cent soluble starch has been 

 added. Inositol and mannose will also sup- 

 port sporulation, but they are not as satis- 

 factory carbon sources for this purpose as 

 starch. The only other medium on which 

 spores are found is nitrogen-free synthetic 



agar to which 0.2 per cent glycine or aspara- 

 gine is added. The spores are coccoid to 

 ellipsoidal, 0.7 to 1.1 bj' 1.1 to 1.6 microns. 



Gelatin: Cream-colored to brown growth. 

 Rapid liquefaction. Soluble dark brown 

 pigment. 



Agar: Moderate, cream-colored growth. 

 No aerial mycelium. Soluble light yellow- 

 brown pigment. 



Synthetic agar: Sparse, white growth. 

 Aerial mycelium white. No soluble pigment. 

 No sporulation. 



Glucose asparagine agar: Moderate 

 growth. Aerial mycelium powdery white. 

 No pigment. No sporulation. 



Ca-malate agar: Moderate, white growth. 

 Aerial mycelium white. No soluble pigment. 

 No sporulation. 



Oatmeal agar: Luxuriant, brown growth. 

 Aerial mycelium abundant, fluffy, white. 

 No soluble pigment. No sporulation. 



Milk: Dark brown to black growth. Solu- 

 ble brown pigment. Not coagulated; rapidly 

 peptonized. 



Potato: Lu.xuriant, spreading, cream- 

 colored growth. Aerial mycelium gray. 

 Soluble light brown pigment turning dark 

 brown after 30 days' incubation. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Glucose, dextrin, starch, glycerol, cal- 

 cium malate and sodium succinate are 

 rapidly utilized as carbon sources. Mannose, 

 maltose, inositol and sodium acetate are 

 assimilated slowly. Xylose, galactose, sor- 

 bose, sucrose, cellobiose, melibiose, lac- 

 tose, mannitol, sorbitol, sodium citrate and 

 potassium sodium tartrate are not utilized. 



(NH4)2HP04 , urea, asparagine, glycine 

 and arginine are nitrogen sources which 

 support moderate to rapid growth. Sodium 

 nitrate supports slow growth. Tryptophane, 

 tyrosine and methionine are not satisfac- 

 tory nitrogen sources. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces hy- 

 droxystreptomycin . 



Source: Simultaneously isolated from 

 Japanese soil by Benedict and from soil 

 from one of the gardens of Abbott Labs., 

 North Chicago, Illinois. 



Habitat: Soil. 



