776 



ORDER V. ACTINOMYCETALES 



50. Streptoniyces viridoflavus Waks- 

 man and Taber, 1953. (Waksman and Taber, 

 in Waksman and Lechevalier, Actinomy- 

 cetes and Their Antibiotics, Baltimore, 

 1953, 66.) 



vi.ri.do.fla'vus. L. adj. viridis green; L. 

 adj. flavus yellow; M.L. adj. viridoflavus 

 greenish yellow. 



Vegetative growth: Abundant, lichenoid 

 growth on most media, j^ellow-green, turn- 

 ing olive-green to almost brown. Soluble 

 pigment variable. Hyphae on surface of 

 agar 0.7 micron in diameter; in shake flasks, 

 0.7 to 0.8 micron; some submerged hyphae 

 thicker, reaching 1.6 microns in diameter. 

 Single spores formed at end of submerged 

 sporulating lateral branches. Spores form 

 early, germinate readily, even while ap- 

 parently attached to hyphae. 



Aerial mycelium: Hyphae formed in fas- 

 cicles, greenish yellow, turning gray. Tends 

 to lose ability to produce aerial mycelium. 

 Tufts of hyphae with some curling of tips 

 produced on certain media (glucose-aspara- 

 gine agar). On glucose-asparagine agar, 

 spores produced in chains in whorls. Spores 

 not formed on nutrient or glucose-nutrient 

 agar. 



Gelatin: Limited growth in form of sur- 

 face ring, canary-yellow. No pellicle. Solu- 

 ble brown to dark brown pigment; ability 

 to produce pigment may be lost on cultiva- 

 tion. Slight liquefaction. 



Agar: Thin, moist, gray to light green, 

 isolated colonies with green to almost bluish 

 tinge at bottom of slant where colonies are 

 confluent. White to gray, non-sporulating 

 aerial mycelium appearing much later. No 

 soluble pigment. 



Synthetic agar: Limited, cream-colored 

 to yellowish green growth. Generally no 

 aerial mycelium. Hyphae penetrate deep 

 into agar. No soluble pigment. 



Glucose asparagine agar: Moist, flat, yel- 

 low to yellow-green colonies growing deep 

 into medium. Aerial hyphae frequently 

 abundant, grayish yellow to sulfur-yellow, 

 later overgrown by white sporulating hy- 

 phae. May produce a soluble, faint yellow 

 pigment. 



Yeast-glucose agar: Heavy lichenoid 

 growth, dark brown to olive-green. Aerial 

 hyphae pale to grayish yellow to greenish 



yellow, becoming gray with age. Soluble 

 grown pigment. 



Glucose-nutrient agar: Heavy lichenoid 

 growth, yellowish brown to olive-brown. 

 Yellowish to gray aerial hyphae are abund- 

 ant and appear later, covering the whole 

 surface of growth with a mat. May produce 

 a soluble brownish pigment. 



Broth: Colorless clumps of growth on 

 bottom of container. Soluble brown pig- 

 ment; ability to produce pigment may be 

 lost on cultivation. 



Milk: Light yellow to brown surface 

 ring. Not coagulated, gradually peptonized. 



Potato: Lichenoid, brownish to greenish 

 yellow to dark olive-green growth. Aerial 

 hyphae absent or formed as thin, yellowish 

 layer on drier portions of growth. May pro- 

 duce a soluble dark brown pigment. 



Starch is actively hydrolyzed. 



Limited growth on cellulose; cellulose 

 not decomposed. 



Carbon sources: With yeast extract-min- 

 eral agar there was no growth over con- 

 trol on sucrose, lactose or rhamnose; good 

 growth on mannose and glucose. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces anti- 

 biotic substances, one of which is candi- 

 cidin-like material. 



Comments : Several strains of this organ- 

 nism have been isolated. They differ in their 

 pigmentation on gelatin and in the relative 

 abundance of aerial mycelium. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



51. Streptoniyces globosus (Krassilni- 

 kov, 1941) Waksman, 1953. (Actinomyces 

 globosus Krassilnikov, Guide to the Acti- 

 nomycetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., 

 Moskau, 1941, 58; Waksman, in Waksman 

 and Lechevalier, Actinomycetes and Their 

 Antibiotics, Baltimore, 1953, 68.) 



glo.bo'sus. L. adj. globosus round, spheri- 

 cal. 



Vegetative growth: Dark brown colonies 

 producing brown pigment which diffuses 

 into medium. 



Aerial mj'celium: Dark gray, fine velvety. 

 Sporophores straight, short. Spores spheri- 

 cal. 



Gelatin: Weak liquefaction. 



Milk: Peptonized. 



