778 



ORDER V. ACTINOMYCETALES 



gray growth, becoming brown with purplish 

 tinge; center raised. Margin yellow. 



Starch agar: Small, dark brown colonies. 



Glucose agar: Abundant, restricted, gray 

 growth, becoming brown to dark brown. 



Glucose broth: Slight, flaky sediment. 



Litmus milk: Dark brown ring; coagu- 

 lated; slowly peptonized, with faintly alka- 

 line reaction. 



Potato: Restricted, orange to orange- red 

 growth. 



Starch shows slight hydrolysis. 



Soluble dark brown pigment formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 25° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Active against 

 various bacteria. 



Source: Isolated once from Californian 

 adobe soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



55. Streptomyces phaeochromogenes 



(Conn, 1917) Waksman and Henrici, 1948. 

 (Actinomyces pheochromogenus (sic) Conn, 

 N. Y. State Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No. 

 60, 1917, 16; Streptomyces phaeochromogenus 

 (sic) Waksman and Henrici, in Manual, 

 6th ed., 1948, 943.) 



phae.o.chro.mo'ge.nes. Gr. adj. phaeus 

 brown; Gr. noun chroma color; Gr. v. suffix 

 -genes producing; M.L. adj. phaeochromo- 

 genes producing brown color. 



Aerial mycelium: Branching filaments 

 and hyphae, spirals narrow, open, elon- 

 gated, sinistrorse. 



Gelatin stab: Abundant, spreading, 

 cream-colored surface growth, becoming 

 brown. Slow liquefaction. 



Agar: Thin, cream-colored growth, be- 

 coming gray. 



Synthetic agar: Colorless growth, be- 

 coming brown to almost black. Aerial my- 

 celium abundant, white with brownish shade. 



Starch agar: Spreading, brownish growth, 

 becoming brown. 



Glucose agar: Restricted, much folded, 

 brown growth. 



Glucose broth: Dense, wrinkled pellicle. 



Litmus milk: Dark, almost black ring; 

 coagulated, with slow peptonization ; faintly 

 alkaline reaction. 



Potato: Brown to almost black growth. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Soluble brown pigment formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 25° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Strong. 



Comment: One strain produces an anti- 

 biotic, moldin (Maeda, Okami, Taya and 

 Umezawa, Jap. Jour. Med. Sci. and Biol., 6, 

 1952, 327). 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



56. Streptomyces aureus (Waksman 

 and Curtis, 1916) Waksman and Henrici, 

 1948. {Actinomyces aureus Waksman and 

 Curtis, Soil Sci., 1, 1916, 124; Waksman 

 and Henrici, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 943.) 



au're.us. L. adj. aureus golden. 



Aerial mycelium: Shows numerous spirals. 

 Conidia spherical to ellipsoidal, 0.6 to 1.0 

 by 0.8 to 1.4 microns. 



Gelatin stab : Fair, cream-colored sui-face 

 growth, becoming brown, spreading. Lique- 

 faction. 



Agar: Restricted, gray growth. 



Synthetic agar: Thin, spreading, color- 

 less growth. Aerial mycelium thin, gray, 

 powdery, becoming cinnamon-drab. 



Starch agar: Thin, transparent, spreading 

 growth. 



Glucose agar: Spreading, light orange 

 growth; raised center; hyaline margin. 



Glucose broth: Thin, brownish ring; flaky 

 sediment. 



Litmus milk: Black ring. No coagulation. 

 Peptonization doubtful. 



Potato: Abundant, wrinkled, brown 

 growth, becoming black. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Soluble brown pigment formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 25° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces fungi- 

 cidin, a substance active against various 

 fungi. Some strains produce luteomycin. 



Source: Isolated many times from a 

 variety of soils. 



Habitat: Soil. 



67. Streptomyces tanashiensis Hata 

 et al., 1952. (Hata, Ohki and Higuchi, 



