784 



ORDER V. ACTINOMYCETALES 



Nitrites produced in trace amounts from 

 nitrates. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 25° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Weakly antago- 

 nistic. Some strains produce actinomycin. 



Comment: Represents a large group of 

 closely related forms. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



69. Streptomyces ruber (Krainsky, 

 1914) Waksman and Henrici, 1948. (Actino- 

 myces ruber Krainsky, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 41, 1914, 662; also see Waksman, 

 Soil Sci., 8, 1919, 149; not Actinomyces ruber 

 Sanfelice, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 

 36, 1904, 355; Waksman and Henrici, in 

 Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 946.) 



ru'ber. L. adj. ruber red. 



Aerial mycelium: Straight, branching, 

 radiating. A few spirals may be formed. 



Gelatin stab: Liquefaction, with yellow 

 flakes. 



Agar: Restricted, elevated, wrinkled, 

 olive-green growth. 



Synthetic agar: Abundant, spreading, 

 red growth. Aerial mycelium abundant, 

 cottony, chrome-orange. 



Starch agar: Abundant, spreading, red 

 growth. 



Glucose agar: Restricted, abundant, 

 entire, coral-red growth. 



Glucose broth: Red ring, with spongy 

 colonies on the surface. 



Litmus milk: Dark ring with red tinge; 

 coagulated; peptonized, with alkaline re- 

 action. 



Potato: Elevated, wrinkled, greenish 

 growth. 



Soluble brown pigment formed. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 37° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Strongly effec- 

 tive against various bacteria. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



70. Streptomyces niger (Rossi-Doria, 

 1891, emend. Krassilnikov, 1941) Waksman, 

 1953. {Streptotrix (sic) nigra Rossi-Doria, 



Ann. d. 1st. d'Ig. sper. d. Univ. di Roma, 

 1, 1891, 419; Actinomyces niger Krassilnikov, 

 Guide to the Actinomycetes, Izd. Akad. 

 Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1941, 53; Waks- 

 man, in Waksman and Lechevalier, Actino- 

 mycetes and Their Antibiotics, Baltimore, 

 1953, 78.) 



ni'ger. L. adj. niger black. 



Vegetative growth: Not compact, of soft 

 consistency, lumpy, dark colored. In old 

 cultures, the mycelium is readily disinte- 

 grated into fine particles that can serve for 

 reproduction. 



Aerial mycelium : Produced only on potato 

 and synthetic agar. Sporophores produced 

 only seldom; form open spiral with 3 to 5 

 turns. Spores ellipsoidal. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction in 30 days. 



Agar: Black growth. Soluble brown pig- 

 ment. 



Synthetic agar: Black growth. Aerial 

 mycelium dark gray. No soluble pigment. 



Starch agar: No growth. 



Sucrose not inverted. 



Milk: No change. 



No growth on cellulose. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 30° C. 



Antagonistic properties: None. 



Comment : This is a very unstable species 

 and rapidly dies out. It easily mutates, giv- 

 ing rise to colorless cultures, producing no 

 aerial mj'celium. 



Source: Isolated from soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



71. Streptomyces alboniger Hesseltine 

 et al., 1953. (Hesseltine, Porter, Deduck, 

 Hauk, Bohonos and Williams, Mycologia, 

 1953; quoted from Waksman, in Waksman 

 and Lechevalier, Actinomycetes and Their 

 Antibiotics, Baltimore, 1953, 78.) 



al.bo'ni.ger. L. adj. albus white; L. adj. 

 niger black; M.L. adj . alboniger white-black. 



Description prepared bj^ Hesseltine et al. 

 for use in Waksman and Lechevalier, Ac- 

 tinomycetes and Their Antibiotics, Balti- 

 more, 1953. 



Vegetative growth: Moist, colorless to 

 yellowish, to dark brown or black. 



Aerial mycelium: White to pale olive-buff. 

 Irregularly branched sporophores, erect to 



