'90 



ORDER V. ACTINOMYCETALES 



reverse. Aerial mycelium white to cinna- 

 mon. 



Oatmeal agar: Tough, leathery, yellow- 

 ish green to cream-yellow growth. Aerial 

 mycelium floccose, pale violet to faint 

 cinnamon. Tan to white exudate. 



Glucose broth: White to lime-green ring. 

 No aerial mj'celium. 



Milk: Light brown ring. Limited, white 

 aerial mycelium. Rapidly peptonized with 

 alkaline reaction. 



Potato : Grayish white to yellow-green to 

 light brown growth. Aerial mycelium light 

 gray to gray. No soluble pigment. 



Carrot: White to cream-colored growth. 

 Aerial mycelium cretaceous. No soluble 

 pigment. 



Xjdose, fructose, inositol, starch, de.xtrin, 

 galactose and maltose are utilized. Arabi- 

 nose, rhamnose, dulcitol and salicin not 

 utilized. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Optimum temperature, between 25° and 

 37° C. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces cin- 

 namj'cin, a polypeptide antibiotic. 



Relationships to other species : Resembles 

 Streptomyces griseocarneus. 



Source: Isolated from Japanese soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



83. Streptomyces violaceoniger (Waks- 



man and Curtis, 1916) Waksman and Hen- 

 rici, 1948. (Actinomyces violaceus-niger 

 Waksman and Curtis, Soil Sci., 1, 1916, 111; 

 Waksman and Henrici, in Manual, 6th ed., 

 1948, 947.) 



vi.o.la.ce.o'ni.ger. L. adj. violaceus 

 violet; L. adj. niger black; M.L. adj. viola- 

 ceoniger violet-black. 



Gelatin: Gray growth, with no produc- 

 tion of aerial mycelium. Gelatin around 

 colony rapidly liquefied, but without any 

 change in color. 



Synthetic agar: Colony at first dark 

 gray, turning almost black, 2 to 4 mm in 

 diameter. Surface glossy, much folded with a 

 very thin gray margin. A white to gray 

 aerial mycelium is produced after the colony 

 has developed well. A bluish black pigment 

 is produced at a later stage of its growth. 

 The pigment slowly dissolves in the me- 



dium, turning almost black. Odor fairly 

 strong. Microscopically, two types of my- 

 celium are found: the thin, branching fila- 

 ments of the substratum, and the thick 

 filaments of the aerial mycelium. The aerial 

 mycelium does not fragment very rapidly, 

 producing a few conidia, spherical and 

 ellipsoidal, 1.2 to 1.5 by 1.2 to 2.3 microns. 

 These often occur in chains. 



Synthetic solution: Colonies large, 2 to 3 

 mm in diameter, appearing at the bottom 

 and surface of the solution, but none 

 throughout the medium. Colonies bluish in 

 color, w'ith a regular margin. Medium not 

 colored. 



Potato plug: Growth at first very slight, 

 but after 48 hours develops into a yellowish 

 gray continuous thick smear which later 

 turns brown, with a white aerial mycelium 

 covering the growth. Medium not colored. 



Antagonistic properties: None; certain 

 strains show activity. 



Source: Isolated once from the upland 

 California soil. 



Habitat: Soil. 



84. Streptomyces gedanensis (Lohlein, 

 1909) Miiller, 1950. {Streptothrix gedanensis 

 I, Scheele and Petruschsky, Verhandl. d. 

 Kongr. f. innere Med., 1897, 550; Strepto- 

 thrix gedanensis Lohlein, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 63, 

 1909, 11; Miiller, Medizinische Mikro- 

 biologie, 4 Aufl., 1950, 294.) 



ge.da.nen'sis. M.L. neut.n. Gedanum the 

 city of Danzig (Gdan'sk) on the Baltic Sea; 

 M.L. adj. gedanensis pertaining to Danzig. 



Aerial mycelium: Short, gnarled hyphae; 

 spores short, ellipsoidal to spherical. 



Gelatin: Thin, flaky growth. No soluble 

 pigment. Rapid liquefaction. 



Agar: Thin, colorless growth. No aerial 

 mycelium. No soluble pigment. 



Synthetic agar: Dark to almost black 

 growth with dark reverse. Aerial mycelium 

 abundant, mouse-gray. No soluble pigment. 



Starch agar: Yellowish to cream-colored 

 growth. Aerial mycelium light gray. 



Glucose agar: Cream-colored growth be- 

 coming black with light margin. Aerial 

 mycelium abundant, mouse-gray. 



Broth: Flaky growth on bottom of tube. 



Milk: Cream-colored surface ring. Not 

 peptonized. 



