ORDER VI. CARYOPHANALES PESHKOFF, 1940. 



(Jour. Gen. Microbiol. (Russian), 1, 1940, 611 and 616.) 



Ca.ry.o.pha.na'les. M.L. neut.n. Caryophanon type genus of the order; -ales ending to 

 denote an order; M.L. fem.pl. n. Caryophanales the Caryophanon order. 



Bacteria which occur as trichomes (many-celled filaments) or as shorter structures which 

 function as hormogonia. The individual cells are characterized by the presence of a central 

 body or ring-like nucleus which frequently assumes the form of a disc; these bodies are 

 clearly visible in the living cells. The nuclear elements give a clear-cut Feulgen reaction. 

 The trichomes are not enclosed in sheaths. Colorless. Each trichome consists of cylindrical 

 or discoidal cells enclosed in a continuous wall. Gonidia are sometimed formed. Found in 

 water, the intestines of arthropods and vertebrates and in decomposing organic materials. 



Key to the families of order Caryophanales. 



I. Do not form spores so far as observed. Trichomes frequently motile. 



Family I. Caryophanaceae, p. 830. 

 II. Form spores. 



A. Actively motile trichomes; found in the intestines of vertebrates. 



Family II. Oscillospiraceae , p. 834. 



B. Non-motile trichomes; spores form in the distal ends of the trichomes; found in 

 the intestines of millipeds, cockroaches and toads. 



Family III. Arthromitaceae, p. 835. 



FAMILY I. CARYOPHANACEAE PESHKOFF, 1940. 

 (Jour. Gen. Biol. (Russian), 1, 1940, 611 and 616.) 

 Ca.ry.o.pha.na'ce.ae. M.L. neut.n. Caryophanon type genus of the family; -aceae ending 

 to denote a family; M.L. fem.pl.n. Caryophanaceae the Caryophanon family. 



Large trichomes and bacillary structures which do not form spores. Motile with perit- 

 richous flagella or non-motile. The organisms are found on the mucous membranes of the 

 oral cavity of man and various other animals, in the alimentary tract of ruminants and in 

 decomposing organic materials. 



Key to the genera of family Caryophanaceae. 



I. Trichomatous bacteria that are actively motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 



A. Unstained trichomes show alternating light and dark bands, the dark bands being 

 internal crosswalls. 



Genus I. Caryophanon, p. 831. 



B. Trichomes show coenocytic structure. Divide by constriction. 



Genus II. Lineola, p. 832. 



* Revised by Prof. Robert S. Breed, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, May, 1955; 

 revision based on a manuscript supplied by Prof. Michael A. Peshkoff, Institute of Cytol- 

 ogy, Acad, of Sci., Moscow, U.S.S.R., April, 1947. 



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