832 



ORDER VI. CARYOPHANALES 



vated in England by Pringsheim and Rob- 

 inow and in Idaho (U. S. A.) by Weeks and 

 Kelley. 



Habitat: Apparently widely distributed 

 in fresh cow dung and presumably found 

 in the dung of other herbivorous mammals. 



2. Caryophanon tenue Peshkoff, 1940. 

 (Compt. rend. (Doklady) Acad. Sci., 

 U.R.S.S., Nouvelle S6r. 25, 1939, 244; Jour. 

 Gen. Biol. (Russian), /, 1940, 597.) 



ten'u.e. L. adj. tenuis slender. 



Similar to the species described above, 

 but more slender. Diameter, 1.5 microns. 

 This species may be a variety of Cary- 

 ophanon latum as the trichomes of the latter 

 are frequently no broader than 1.5 microns 

 after cultivation on artificial media. 



Growth on cow manure extract agar and 

 yeast extract agar at pH 7.8 to 8.0. 



Source: Isolated from fresh cow manure. 



Habitat: Apparently widely distributed 

 in fresh cow dung and presumably found in 

 the dung of other herbivorous mammals. 



Genus II. Lineola Pringsheim, 1950 * 

 (Jour. Gen. Microbiology, 4, 1950, 198.) 



Long (often 20 to 50 microns), peritrichous rods, coenocytic in nature, which subdivide 

 by constriction; the constrictions later develop into cross-walls and thus form new cells. 

 Trichomes motile and frequently branched, attaining a length of up to several hundred 

 microns. Very long, non-motile trichomes may occur. Non-sporeforming. Gram-negative. 

 The rods do not break up into smaller units at the conclusion of the life cycle, as in other 

 filamentous bacteria, but divide into two by constriction and fission. The absence of fatty 

 acids in the culture media precludes multiplication. Found in cow dung and in nature where 

 plant material is decaying. 



The type species is Lineola longa Pringsheim. 



1. Lineola longa Pringsheim, 1950. (Li- 

 neola longa Pringsheim and Robinow (nomen 

 provisorium) , Jour. Gen. Microbiology, 1, 

 1947, 267; Pringsheim, ibid., 4, 1950, 198.) 



lon'ga. L. adj. longus long. 



Rods, 1.4 to 1.6 by 10 to 50 (mostly 25 to 

 40) microns, containing Feulgen-positive 

 bodies which impart a coenocytic appear- 

 ance to the cells. Peritrichous. Trichomes 

 are motile, quite rigid, slightly and irregu- 

 larly curved and may be more than 200 mi- 

 crons long; non-motile trichomes of much 

 greater length may be found. All but the 

 shortest trichomes are subdivided by con- 

 strictions which later develop into cross- 

 walls, consequently forming new cells. Mul- 

 tiplication does not occur in the absence ot 

 fatty acids. Branching is infrequent and 

 consists of two, three or even more single 

 rods or short chains attached near the site 

 of constriction. Although the branches are 

 seemingly unconnected to the main axis. 



no analogy can be drawn to false branching. 

 Non-sporeforming. Gram-negative. 



Acetate peptone yeast extract agar col- 

 onies: Large, fiat, patch-like, irregularly 

 shaped, semi-confluent; edges fringed. 

 Small, medusa-head colonies form from 

 single organisms; later these colonies be- 

 come bluish white against a dark back- 

 ground and produce a watered silk effect. 

 Young growths appear as parallel and 

 straight threads which later break up to 

 form bundles. Through intercalary elonga- 

 tion, isolated trichomes form coiled aggre- 

 gations connected by almost straight sec- 

 tions. 



Agar .stab : Growth on or near the surface. 



Broth : Liquid media support growth only 

 when supplemented with extracts of dung, 

 soil or other growth-promoting substances. 

 Non-motile growth quite evident near the 

 surface. If growth is not too meager, a ring 

 is formed just below the meniscus; this ring 



* Prof. Peshkoff has concluded (March, 1957) that the genus Lineola shows so many dif- 

 ferences from the other genera of the order Caryophanales that it should be placed else- 

 where, perhaps in a new order. 



