894 



ORDER IX. SPIROCHAETALES 



Optimum temperature, between 20° and 

 25° C. 



Habitat: Found free-living in fresh or 

 salt water. 



Optimum temperature, 20° C. 



Habitat: Found in swamp water and in 

 grossly polluted water containing hydrogen 

 sulfide. 



2. Spirochaeta marina Zuelzer, 1912. 

 (Spirochaeta plicatilis marina Zuelzer, Arch, 

 f. Protistenk., 24, 1912, 17; Zuelzer, ibid., 

 51.) 



ma.ri'na. L. adj. marirms of the sea. 



Probably a subspecies or variant of Spiro- 

 chaeta plicatilis. 



Cylindrical, spiral-shaped rods, 0.5 by 

 100 to 200 microns, with blunt ends. A flex- 

 ible, elastic, axial filament is present. Mul- 

 tiplication is by transverse fission. The cy- 

 toplasmic spirals take stain. Contain 

 smaller and more irregularly distributed 

 volutin granules than those found in Spiro- 

 chaeta plicatilis. 



Grows best at low oxygen tension. 



Optimum temperature, 20° C. 



Habitat : Sea water. 



3. Spirochaeta eurystrepta Zuelzer, 

 1912. {Spirochaeta plicatilis eurystrepta Zuel- 

 zer, Arch. f. Protistenk., 24, 1912, 17; Zuel- 

 zer, ibid., 51.) 



eu.ry.strep'ta. Gr. adj. eurys broad; Gr. 

 adj. streptus easily twisted, pliant; M.L. 

 adj. eurystreptus loosely coiled. 



Probably a subspecies or variant of Spiro- 

 chaeta plicatilis. 



Cj^lindrical, spiral-shaped rods, 0.5 by 

 300 microns, with blunt ends. A flexible, 

 elastic, axial filament is present. Spiral am- 

 plitude: more shallow than that of S. plica- 

 tilis. Multiplication is by transverse fission. 

 The cytoplasmic spirals take stain. Cells 

 contain fewer volutin granules than do those 

 of S. plicatilis. 



4. Spirochaeta stenostrepla Zuelzer, 

 1912. (Arch. f. Protistenk., 24, 1912, 16.) 



ste.no. strep 'ta. Gr. adj. stenus narrow; 

 Gr. adj. streptus easily twisted, pliant; M.L. 

 adj. stenostreptus tightly coiled. 



Cylindrical, spiral-shaped rods, 0.25 by 

 20 to 60, occasionally up to 200, microns, 

 with pointed ends. A flexible, elastic, axial 

 filament is present. Spiral amplitude: very 

 narrow with steep windings. Multiplication 

 is by transverse fission. The cytoplasmic 

 spirals take stain. Cells contain fewer gran- 

 ules than do those of Spirochaeta plicatilis. 



Optimum temperature, 20° C. 



Habitat: Found in water containing hy- 

 drogen sulfide. 



5. Spirochaeta daxensis Cantacuzene, 

 1910. (Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, 68, 

 1910, 75.) 



dax.en'sis. M.L. adj. daxensis pertaining 

 to Dax; named for Dax, a watering place 

 in France. 



Large, spiral -shaped cells, 0.5 b}^ 2.5 by 

 30 to 100 microns, possessing a longitudinal 

 chromatin filament and tapering at the ends. 

 The cells are flattened and exhibit a double 

 series of curls, smaller waves being super- 

 imposed on larger undulations. 



Optimum temperature, between 44° and 

 52° C. 



Source: From water from a hot spring 

 at Dax (52° to 56° C). 



Habitat: Found in hot springs. 



Genus II. Saprospira Gross, 1911. 

 (Mittheil. Zool. Stat, zu Neapel, 20, 1911, 190.) 

 Sap.ro.spi'ra. Gr. adj. saprus rotten, putrid; Gr. noun spira a spiral; M.L. fem.n. Sapro- 

 spira rot -spiral. 



Cells contain spiral protoplasm without an evident axial filament; transverse markings 

 or septa (?) are observed in stained and unstained specimens. Possess a distinct periplast 

 membrane. The spirals are rather shallow. Motility is active and rotating. Found free-living 

 in marine ooze. 



The type species is Saprospira grandis Gross. 



