896 



ORDER IX. SPIROCHAETALES 



2. Cristispira anodontae (Keysselitz, 

 1906) Gross, 1912. (Spirochaeta anodontae 

 Keysselitz, Arb. a. d. kaiserl. Gesundheits- 

 amte, 23, 1906, 566; Gross, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 I Abt., Orig., 65, 1912, 900.) 



a.no.don'tae. Gr. adj. anodus, anodontis 

 toothless; M.L. noun Anodonta a genus of 

 molluscs; M.L. gen. noun anodontae of Ano- 

 donta. 



Large, spiral -shaped cells, 0.8 to 1.2 by 

 44 to 88 microns, with sharply pointed ends. 

 Average spiral width: 2 microns; average 

 wave length: 8 microns; average number of 

 complete turns: from 5 to 11. The cells are 

 flattened and possess an undulating mem- 

 brane; the periplast is fibrillar in appear- 

 ance, and there is a dark granule at each 

 end of the undulating membrane. Chro- 

 matin material is distributed in the form 

 of globules or elongated bands. 



Habitat: Found in the crystalline styles 

 of fresh-water mussels {Anodonta cygnea 



and A. mutabilis); also found in the intes- 

 tinal tracts of oysters. 



3. Cristispira pinnae (Gonder, 1908) 

 Zuelzer, 1912. (Spirochaete pinnae Gonder, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 47, 1908, 491; 

 Zuelzer, Verhandl. d. VIII Internat. Zool.- 

 Kongres. zu Graz (August, 1910), Jena, 1912 

 (January), 433.) 



pin'nae. Gr. noun pinna a kind of mussel; 

 M.L. fem.n. Pinna a genus of mussels; M.L. 

 gen. noun pinnae of Pinna. 



Spiral-shaped cells, 0.5 to 3.0 by 10 to 60 

 microns, with blunt ends, the one end being 

 slightly more pointed than the other; round 

 in section. A ridge or comb is evident along 

 one side, but there are no terminal fila- 

 ments; cross striations are distinct. Possess 

 undulating membranes. Chromatin granules 

 are grouped in fours. 



Source: From the intestinal canal of a 

 scallop {Pecten jacohaeus). 



Habitat: Found in the crystalline styles 

 of molluscs. 



FAMILY II. TREPONEMATACEAE ROBINSON, 1948. 



{Treponemidae, incorrectly attributed to Schaudinn by Castellani and Chalmers, Man. 

 Trop. Med., 3rded., 1919, 454; Mzcrospz/ocAaeiaceae Gieszczykiewicz, Bull. Acad. Polonaise 

 Sci. et Lett., Ser. B (1), 1939, 24; Treponemataceae, incorrectly attributed to Schaudinn by 

 Robinson, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 1058.) 



Tre.po.ne.ma.ta'ce.ae. M.L. neut.n. Treponema type genus of the family; -aceae ending 

 to denote a family; M.L. fern. pi. n. Treponemataceae the Treponema family. 



Coarse or slender spirals, 4 to 16 microns in length; longer forms are due to incomplete 

 or delayed division. The spirals are regular or irregular and flexible or comparatively 

 rigid. The protoplasm possesses no obvious structural features. Some cells may show ter- 

 minal filaments. Some cells are visible only with dark-field illumination. Many of these 

 organisms can be cultivated. With few exceptions, parasitic in vertebrates. Some are path- 

 ogenic. 



Key to the genera of family Treponemataceae. 



I. Stains easily with ordinary aniline dyes. 



Genus I. Borrelia, p. 897. 

 II. Stain with difficulty except with Giemsa's stain or silver impregnation. 



A. Anaerobic. 



Genus II. Treponema, p. 904. 



B. Aerobic. 



Genus III. Leptospira, p. 907. 



