900 



ORDER IX. SPIROCHAETALES 



haus, 1946. (Spirochaetahermsi'Dsivis, Amer. 

 Assoc. Adv. Sci., Pub. No. 18, 1942, 46; 

 Steinhaus, Insect Microbiology, 1946, 453.) 



herm'si.i. M.L. gen. noun hermsii the spe- 

 cific epithet of the tick vector of this spe- 

 cies, Ornithodoros hermsi. 



Investigations by Davis (op. cit., 1942, 

 46) indicate that each species oi Ornithodoros 

 that is a relapsing-fever vector carries a 

 spirochete that is tick-host-specific and 

 that this host-specific relationship offers a 

 more accurate approach to the differentia- 

 tion of relapsing-fever spirochetes than 

 any of the several criteria previously used. 

 This was shown to be the case for Borrelia 

 hermsii and Borrelia parkeri. For this reason 

 no attempt is made to describe the morphol- 

 og}^ and other characters of the relapsing- 

 fever spirochetes of North and South Amer- 

 ica. 



Transmitted by Ornithodoros hermsi; not 

 transmitted by other species of Ornithodoros 

 from the Western Hemisphere. 



Pathogenicity: Produces characteristic 

 relapses in adult white mice and guinea pigs. 



Habitat: Found as a cause of relapsing 

 fever in British Columbia, Canada, Cali- 

 fornia, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon 

 and Washington. 



7. Borrelia duttonii (Novy and Knapp, 

 1906) Bergey et al., 1925. (See Button and 

 Todd, Brit. Med. Jour., 2, 1905, 1259; Spiril- 

 lum duttoni (sic) Novy and Knapp, Jour. 

 Inf. Dis., 3, 1906 (March), 296; Spirochaeta 

 duttoni Breinl, Lancet, 1, 1906 (June), 1691; 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 434.) 



dut.to'ni.i. M.L. gen. noun duttonii of 

 Dutton; named for J. E. Button, one of the 

 bacteriologists who first described this spe- 

 cies. 



Morphologically similar to Borrelia re- 

 currentis. 



Growth occurs under anaerobic condi- 

 tions in serum water, hydrocoele or ascitic 

 fluid to which a piece of sterile rabbit kidney 

 is added. 



This organism is antigenically distinct 

 from the other causes of relapsing fever. 



Pathogenicit}': Varies widely with the 

 strain. Not pathogenic for the guinea pig, 

 but most strains are pathogenic for white 



mice and white rats, especially for the new- 

 born of these two species. 



This species is transmitted to man 

 through the bite of the tick (Ornithodoros 

 moubata). There is hereditary transmission 

 to at least the third generation of the tick. 

 Not transmitted by the louse. 



Habitat: Found as the cause of Central 

 and South African relapsing fever; also 

 found in Madagascar. 



8. Borrelia parkeri (Bavis, 1942) Stein- 

 haus, 1946. (Spirochaeta parkeri Davis, 

 Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Pub. No. 18, 1942, 

 46; Steinhaus, Insect Microbiology, 1946, 

 453.) 



par'ker.i. M.L. gen. noun parkeri the spe- 

 cific epithet of the tick vector of this species, 

 Ornithodoros parkeri. 



Transmitted by Ornithodoros parkeri; not 

 transmitted by other species of Ornithodoros 

 from the Western Hemisphere. 



Pathogenicity : Produces characteristic 

 relapses in adult white mice and guinea 

 pigs. 



Source: From Ornithodoros parkeri from 

 California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Ore- 

 gon, Utah and Wyoming. 



Habitat: Found as a cause of relapsing 

 fever in the Western part of the U. S. A. 



9. Borrelia veneziielensis (Brumpt, 

 1921) Brumpt, 1922. (Spirochetes of relaps- 

 ing fever in Panama, Bates, Bunn and St. 

 John, Amer. Jour. Trop. Med., 1, 1921, 183; 

 Treponema venezuelense Brumpt, in Lavier, 

 Les Parasites des Invertebres Hematopha- 

 ges. These, Paris, 1921, 207 pp.; also see 

 Brumpt, Nouveau Traite de Medecine, 

 Paris, 4, 1922, 492; Spirochete of Panama, 

 St. John and Bates, Amer. Jour. Trop. Med., 

 £, 1922, 262; Brumpt, op. cit., 1922, 495; 

 Spirochaeta neotropicalis Bates and St. John, 

 Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 79\ 1922, 575; 

 Borrelia neotropicalis Steinhaus, Insect 

 Microbiology, 1946, 453.) 



ve.ne.zue.len'sis. M.L. adj. venezuelensis 

 the specific epithet of the tick vector of this 

 species, Ornithodoros rudis (O. venezuelen- 

 sis). 



Transmitted l\v Ornithodoros rudis (0. 

 venezuelensis) . 



